100 



NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



Crest-leathers stiff and compact. N<^ black al»ove, or on lores ; crest 

 pure vermilion ; rump lijjfht vermilion, miu-h liirhter than the hack, which 

 is without fjray edges to {'cat hers. Culmen, .7r>; gonys, 39; height of 

 bill, .07 ; wing, 3.50; tail, 3.1H>; crest, I'.'JO. Female. Lining of wing 

 buff; above ;u^hy-olivaceous, becoming pure ash on head and neck, 

 except their under side. Crest-feathers vermilion with black shatls; 

 no red tinge on wings, and only a slight titige of it on tail. Forepart 

 of cheeks and middle of throat white; rest of lower part deep ochra- 

 ceous. Black around bill as in the male. Tinb. Northern South 

 America ; ^'enezuela ; New Granada. 



Cardinalis virginianus, Boxap. 



SEDBIBD; CASDIHAL OBOSBEAK. 



Coccothrausfcs viryinwnii, BiiissoN, Orn. Ill, 1760, 253. Loxia cardinalis, LiXX. Syst. I, 

 170t), 300. — Wilson, Am. Orn. II, 1810, 38, pi. vi, f. 1, 2. Coccofhraustcs cardinalis, 

 V I KILL, Diet. FriiiijilJa {Cnccothrauste.s) cardinalis, Box. Obs. Wils. 1825, No. 79. 

 Frinijiihi cardinalis, Nrrr. Man. I, 1832, 519. — Arc. Orn. Biog. II, 1834, 336 ; 

 V, 514, pi. dix. Pitijhis cardinalis, Ari). 8yn. 1839, 131. — I B. Birds Am. Ill, 1841, 

 198, pi. cciii. Cardi7iali-i vinjinianns. Box. List, 1838. — 1 1). Consp. 1850, 501. — 

 Baiui), Birds N. Am. 1858, 509. —Max. Cab. J. VI, 1858, 268. Grosbec de I'irginic, 

 Buff. Pi. enl. 37. 



Sp. Char. A flattened crc.<5t 

 bright vermilion-red, darker on 



of feathers on the orown. Bill red. Body generally 

 the back, rump, and tail. The feathers of the back 

 and rump bordered with brownish-gray. Narrow 

 band around the base of the bill, extending to eyes, 

 with chin antl uj^por part of the throat black. 



Female of a duller red, and this only on the 

 wings, tail, and elongated feathers of the crown. 

 Above light olive ; tinged with yellowish on the 

 head ; beneath brownish-yellow, darkest on the 

 sides and across the breast. Black about the head 

 only faintly indicated. Length, 8.50 ; wing, 4.00 ; 

 tail, 4.50; culmen, .75; depth of bill, .58; breadth 

 of upper mandible, .35. (28,286 <J, Mount Carmel, 

 Southern Illinois.) 



Hab. More southern portions of LTnited States 

 to the Missouri. Probably along valley of Rio 

 Grande to Rockv Moimtains. 



The bill of tliis species is very large, and 



Cardinalis virginianus. -, , , • rr ^ i it • • 



snaped much as in Hcdymelcs ludovicianv.s. 

 The central feathers of the crest of the crown are lons^er than the lateral ; 

 they spring from about the middle of the crown, and extend back about an 

 incli and a half from the base of the bill. The wings are much rounded, 

 the fourth longest, the second equal to the seventh, the first as long as the 

 secondaries. The tail is long, truncate at the end, but graduated on the 

 sides ; the feathers are broad to the end, truncated oblic^uely at the end. 



