KHIN(iIM,II).K_Tm: FINCIIKS. l{)[) 



h. OuitT webs of pr.marits <listin«-tly (m1«j:<hI with wliitr at base. 



4. Above Miu-k, i-xcept on rump, wliirh is tiiijr»'tl with oUva**'*)!!.-*, White 

 8{)ots very laijjo, without hia.k bonier. Iniirr web ..f hiteral tail-ti'ath«'r 

 with tenniriul half whit.-, tlic outer web ahno<t wholly white. Wiiij.', :\ .')0; 

 tail, 3.!)0; hiii.l daw, .;ji>. Fetnaff uiiiber-brown, r.'plaein;: Itlark. flab. 

 riains betweeji Uoi,-ky Mountains and the Mii^souri; Saskatchewan liasin. 



var. arctic us. 



B. Iiit('rs<*apulars without white streaks. 



5. Above dusky olive; white si«»ts on scapulars and wing-eoverts small, and 

 without black edjre. Tail-patches very restricted (outer only -JO lonjr). 

 No white on primaries. Winir, 2.8.'>; tail, :?.l0. /•>//m/e scarcely dilVerent. 



Jlab. Socorro Island, oU" west coast of Mexico . . . mu: carin an i.^ 



Pipilo erythrophthalmus, \'ikillot. 



OBOXTND ROBIN ; TOWHEE ; CHEWINX. 



Fringilln cnjthruphthalniii, Linn. Syst. Nat. I, 17<!»3, 318. — Am. Orn. Biog. I, 1832, 151 ; 

 V, 511, {.]. xxix. Einhc'iza a-nthmphthiilmii, (Im. Syst. Nat. I, 17S8, 874. — AViLsoN, 

 Am. Orn. VI, 1M2, 9n, pi. liii. PipiJo frtffhroj>Iitfi»l,nus, Vikill. (lal. Ois. I, 1824, 

 109, pi. Ixxx. — Bon. List, 1838. — Ib. Consi.wtus, 1850, 487. — AvD. Syn. 1839, 124. 

 — In. Birds Am. Ill, 1>41, lt>7, i»l. cxcv. — B.uitis Birds N. Am. 1858, 512. — Samu- 

 els, 333. Pij,i/o (Iter, Vikill. Nouv. Diet. XX XIV, 1811>, 292. Toirhcc Bird, 

 CvTESBY, Car. I, 34. Toichre liuiifiag, Latha-M, Syn. II, i, 1783, 199. — Pennant, 

 II, 1785, 359. 



Sp. Char. Upper parts {renerally. head and neck all round, and upper part of the 

 breast, glossy black, abruptly deiine(l against 

 the pure white which extends to the anus, 

 but is bounded on the sides and under the 

 wings by light chestnut, which is sometimes 

 streaked externally with black. FeathtMs of 

 throat white in the middle. Under coverts 



similar to sides, but paler. Edges of outer six primaries with white at the base and on 

 the middle of the outer web; inner two tertiaries also edged externally with white. 

 Tail-feathers black; outer web of the first, with the ends of the first to the third, white, 

 decreasing from the exterior one. Outermost quill usually shorter than ninth, or even 

 than secondaries; fourth qnill longest, fifih scarcely shorter. Iris red; said to be some- 

 times paler, or even white, in winter. Length. 8.75 ; wing. 3.75 ; tail, 4.10. Bill black, 

 legs flesh-color. Female with the Idack replaced by a ratluM- rufous bi-own. 



Had. Eastern United States to the Missouri River; Florida (in winter). 



The tail-feathers are onlv inoderatelv f^rnduated on the sides ; the outer 

 about .40 of an inch shorter tlian the middle. The outer tail-feather has 

 the terminal half white, the outline transverse ; the wliite of the second is 

 about half as long as that of the first ; of the third half that of the second. 

 The chestnut of the sides reaches forward to the black of the neck, and is 

 visible when the wings are closed. 



^ Pipilo cannani, Baird, MSS. ; Lawiiknck, Ann. X. Y. Lye. X, 7. (Specimens in collection 

 made by Colonel A. J. Grayson.) 



