ALAUDID.E — THE LARKS. 14:J 



taken IVom a vouim or ininiature bird. Lreediii'' south ot f.bout 41)"', liom 

 the IJocky Mountains to the Pacific coast, and tln'ou«;liout the table-lands of 

 ^lexico, — in ^\int^'r sonictinies resident at the nortliern limit assi,L,nied, an«l 

 there mixed wiili norliiern-bred individuols, — is a kind w.liich is smaller, 

 and, j^'enerally, with a larger bill ; the throat is dee|ier yellow than in the 

 northern form, the ]»iid<ish tints deepened into cinnamon, and the frontal 

 band narrower, caused by an encroachment of the l^lack, which, in its several 

 areas, is extended more in proportion to the other colors. This is the E. 

 chnjHokvnt(( of Waiil., and of which minor, Girand, and rt'/a, And., are syn- 

 onymes, as already stated. 



Ahtng the coast of Orej^on and Washinj^ton Territory is a very ])eculiar 

 race, re})resented in the collection by several specimens. These ditler essen- 

 tially in having the dark streaks above very sharply defined, broad and clear 

 blackish-brown,^ while the lower parts are strongly tinged with yellow, even 

 as deeply so as the throat. Additional specimens from the northwest coast 

 may establish tin, existence of a race as distinct as any of those named 

 above. 



Var alpestris* 



Alaiuht alprsfrix, Linn. .'^. N. I, 289. — Foitsr. Pliil'. Trans. LXII, 1772, 383. —Wilson, 



— Aui). — Iaki). — Maynaui», li. E. Mass. 1S70, 121. (ffocorifs a. Fixscii, Abb. 

 Nat. 1870, 341 (synoiioniy and ivniaiks). Ahduhi cornvta, WiLs. Am. Orn. I, 1808, 

 85. - IJim. F. I). A. II. Ercmophihi c. Px.ik, Ims, 1>^28, 322. — BAM;n, liinls N. 

 Am. 1858, 403. — Loud, P. R. A. Inst. IV, 118 (Bntish Col.). — Cooi'Ki: & Sit klev, 

 XII, 195. — DALL& P>ANMsTKn, Tr. C'h. Ac. I, 1869, 218 (Alaska). — O.oi'f.u, Oivi. 

 Cal. I, 1870, 251. -Samukls, 280. Phil'nmos c. Bonap. List, 1838. Otoioris c. 

 Ar<T. Otocoris in-fidcntnlb, McCall, Pr. A. N. iSc. V, June, 1851, 218 (Santa Fe). 



— Bam'.d, Stanslnuy's Kt-p., 1852, 318. 



Char. A>Iiilf. Frontal whitish crescent more than half as broad a.*? the l>laek 

 patch behind it. Throat and forehead either tin^a'd, more or less strongly, with yellow, 

 or perfectly white. Pinkish tint al)Ove, a soft asliy-vinaceons. 



Meas/(reine)ifs. (50,083 (J, North Europe.) win.<r, 4.40; tail. 2.90 ; cnlmen, .00; Avidih 

 of white frontal crescent. .'Jo; of black, .30. (.'iJSO ^, Wisconsin.) wing, 4.20; tail, 

 3.00; culmen, .00; width of white frontal crescent, .30; of black, .20. (10.708 ^, 

 Hudson's Bay Ter.,) wing, 4.^)') ; tail, 3.10; culmen, .05; width of white frontal cresrmt, 

 .35; of black, .30. (8,401 (J, Fort Massachusetts.) wing. 4.35; tail, 3.15; cidmen, .01; 

 width of white frontal crescent, .27; of black, 27. (The three perfectly identical in 

 colors.) 



Young. On the upper parts the blackish greatly in excess of the whitish markings. 

 Spots across jugulum distinct. 



Had. Northern Hemisphere; in North America, breeding in the Arctic r«'gions nnd 

 the open plains of the interior regions, from Illinois, Wisconsin, etc., to the Pacilic, north 

 of about 38°. i" . 



* A specimen from Cleveland, Ohio i7,4299» April 1, Dr. Kirtland), and one from Washing- 

 ton, D. C. (28,24t»(J, Feb.), have nearly as distinct streaks above, but the white of lower paits is 

 without any tinge of yellow. 



