182 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



America. Jamaica? A<.xiilental in soutlieaisiteni Uiiitfd States ? ? Several 



races. 



I. melanocephalus. Fcullurs of the throat not elon^'ate and hmceulate, 



but sol't and normal; lull shorter than head. Back and scapulars irreenish- 



yellow. Rest of plumage, including lesser wing-coverts, gamboge-yellow. 



Sexes aliki'. 



Wings without any white. Wing, 4.00; tail, 4.00; culmen, .95; 

 tarsus, .UG. Ihth. Southern Mexico. , . var. ineln noc ephaluR . 



Wings with white edgings tt) greater coverts, secondarii.'s and tertials. 

 Wing, 4.25; tail, 4.40; culmen, 1.10; tarsus, 1.10. Hah. Northern 

 Mexico and Rio Grande Valley of United States. . . var. and uh oni . 

 XANTHORNUS. Back, scapulars, wings, tail, and throat, black ; wings 

 and tail with, or without, white. Rest of plumage greenish-yellow, gamboge- 

 yellow, orange, orange-red, or chestnut-rufous. 

 A* Head and neck, all round, deep black. 

 a. Tail-feathers wholly black. 



L dominicensis. Head, neck, back, scapulars, wings, tail, and 

 jugulum, deep black ; lesser and middle wing-coverts iimiig of the 

 wing, anal region, tibia*, and rump, deep gamboge-yellow. No 

 white on wings or tail. Sexes similar (in all the races ?). 



Abdomen (I t\d sides yelhur. 



Tail-coverts partially or wholly yellow. Wing. 3.25 to 3.50 ; 

 Tail, 3.75 to 4.00; culmen, .80; tarsus, .85. I^ah. South 

 Mexico to Costa Rica .... \ar. pros th e melas.^ 



Tail-coverts uniform l)Iack. Wing, 3.75 ; tail, 4.50 ; culmen, 

 .80; tarsus, .00. Hah. Mexico and Guatemala . var. wagleri. 



Abdomen and sides black: 



Flanks and crissum yellow ; upper tail-coverts yellow. Wing, 

 3.50; tail, 3.50; culmen, .80; tarsus, .85. Hab. Ilayti. 



var. d o m i nice n s i s .* 

 Flanks black ; crissum mostly yellow ; upper tail-coverts black. 

 Wing, 3.75; tail, 4.00 ; culmen, .93; tarsus, .85. Hab. Porto 

 Rico ....... var. portoricensis.* 



Flanks t)lack; crissum mostly black; upper tail-coverts black. 

 Wing, 3.75 ; tail, 3.90 ; culmen, .80 ; tarsus, 80. Ilab. Cuba. 



var. h ypomelas.* 



1 Icterus doniinicciisis, var. prosthemclas. Icterus prosfhmelas, Stimckland, .Tard. Cont. Orn. 

 1850, 120, pi. L\ii, Prndulinus p. Cassin, Icteridas, P. A. N. 8. 1867, r>0. Pciuluhnus lessoni, 

 BoNAi'. ("onsp. I, 432, ISfiO. 



^ Icterus iloininicinsis, var. dominicensis. Oriolus dnminieensi'i, Linn. S. N. I, 163, 1766. 

 Pcndulinus d. Cassin. P. A. N. S. 1867, 58. Pendidinus finvigastcr, Vikill. Nouv. Diet. V, 

 317, 1816. Pcndulinus viridis, Vif.ill. Xouv. Diet. V, 321, 1816 ? 



3 Icfaus dominicoisis, vslt. portoriccnsis, Huvant, Pr. liost. Soc. 1866, 254. Pcndulinus por- 

 tvriccnsis, Cass. P. A. N. S. 1867, 58. Turdus of^r, Gm. S. N. I, 830, 1788? Turdus jugu- 

 laris, LxTii. hvX. On\. \, 3't\, \7901 



* Icterus doininicensis, var. hypomclas. Pcndulinus hypomelns, Boxap. Consp. I, 433, 1850. 

 — Cass. p. a. N. S. 1867. 59, 



Thcro secnLS to be no reason for not referring all the above forms to one .s|)ecies, the differences 

 being merely in the relative amount of blaitk and yellow. The greatei ])redomiiiance of the 

 former color we should exjtect iu specimens from the West Indies, where in thi.s family the 

 melauistic tendency is so marked. 



