100 XOHTH AMFKK'W VAllDfi. 



down from an old cjutus. Anntlicr was made in a Imnrli of lu>|».s, sus- 

 IU'IuKmI from a cactns. A tliiitl was placed in a lanirli of wihmIs niowiiiLj 

 ont fmm a cnnico in a jtripfiiilicnlar rock. Anollici-, f<.nnd .\ray 21>, was 

 laiilt in a small (UsmI tree, oM-rliun^ with \incs. 'I'liis nest was aliout tivt; 

 feet fiiiiii till' i,'i(Mind. A nest cnntainin,Lj four younn- hirds was fnnnd placiMl 

 ill a Imncli of moss, lian^jinir out of a cri'vice in a rock. These instances 

 serve to show the j^eiieral character of the j)osition of their nests. Without 

 heini,' ]»ensile they are usually resting upon ]>endent hranehe.s, and are not 

 placed sit ^'reat elevations. 



The cLTus measure .'.Ml of an inch in h'nuth l>y .do in breadth. Their sha))e 

 is an (»liloni;-oval, and they are ohtuse at either end. Their j^maind-color is 

 a dull white, with a }»urj)lisli <ir a Muish tint. They are variously marked, 

 in different euus, with small hlotclu^s and tiner dottiny;s of a light jmrple, 

 purplish-brown, darker purjde, and even black. 



Icterus spurius, Bon. 



ORCHARD ORIOLE. 



Oriolus spurius, Linn. Sy>t. Nat. I. 17(>H, \&1. (Im. I, 178vS, 3S'.» (very iiiatouratf de- 

 scri|iti()ii ; only itli'iititiiil liy the ivt'crcncrsK Irfiras sjturius, I}(»n. ()1,.s. on Xoin. 

 Wils. is-r.. No. 44. -An.. Oni. ]Vu><r. I, ls:il. i>-Jl : V, -J85, j.l. xlii. In. liirds 

 Am. IV, l>iii, 4<;, pi. <ix!.\. -- I>Aii;i», Uinls N. Am. 1^.'»8, i)Vi . — iS-VMIKLs, 346. 

 Oriolus fiiritis, (Imkmn, Syst. Nat. I, 17«!«). ;>;•(». Tiirdiis ii(< ,', (Jm. Syst. 17>S, 1; 

 178n, 83. <h-iii/us cttsfdiifHs, I, A IMAM. Intl. (Mn. j, 17'.M», 181 (same citations a.s 

 O. mrias, Cm.). Titrdus jiiijiihn is, I^aiiiam, Ind. (Mn. I, 17l»0, 'Mil (sjiiue citations 

 a.s Tnrdas adr, (Jm.). V/>/nntt)s sufidirin, Vii;ii,i,ur ^. "^ Pritdulinus ui'jricid/is, 

 ViKii.L. O- — ririi/is, Ii!." (h-ii>li!s niuttitv.'i, Wii.soN, Am. (>rn. I, ISdS, 04, pi. iv, 

 f. 1-4. Xiuithonnis otfiin^, Kawi;i,N( K, Ann. N. Y. Lye. N. II. V, May, 1851, 113 

 (small iTict' from Ti'xa.s). Ptudulinus s.^ Cas.s. Pr. 18G7, 01. Pciulalinus njjinis, Caiss. 

 Pr. 1807, ♦•,!. 



Sp. Char. Bill sIiMidor, attcnnatod, considoraldy (Ifn-nrvtMl ; tail inodoratcly ^ra<liiated. 

 Mill'', thrt'c years. Head aii<l iii'fk all ritiiiiil. wiiiL:'^. and inter, .apular rci^innof liack. with 

 tail-reatlicr-;. l»lafk. \\v>\ <>{' under parts, lower part of liack to tail, and lesser upper 

 \viiiL'"-coverts. with the lower one. ln-ownish-ehestuut. A narrow line across the winur. 

 and the extreuM.' outei' edL^cs ot" (piills, white. Feinale. T'niforni L''reenish-yel!()W lieiieath, 

 olivaeeous above, and hrownei- in the middle ot" the l>aek; two white hands on the win*xs. 

 Younir male ol" two years lik(j the female, but with a broad Idaek patch from the bill to 

 the npi»er jiart ol" the breast, this color extendini,'' alonir the l»ase ol" tin* bill so as to 

 involve the eye and all anterior to it to the base ot" the l»ill. somewhat as in /. cuculldtus. 

 Length o}" Pennsylvania male speeiinen.s 7.2'); wiiiLf. .3.2.'). 



11 Ai!. I'nited States iVom the Atlantic ^o the hii:h Central Plains, probably thronirh- 

 out Texa>: .south to Cuateiuala. Xalapa (^cl. IS.V.I. i'.tl.')) : Cordova (.<ci.. 1S,')(;. .301) ; 

 Guatemala (Scl. Ibis. I. i>0 ; Lawu. X. Y. Lye. IX. 104); Rio Atrato (Cass. P. A. X. S., 

 \m\ 140): Costa Rica (Caban. J. ISCl. S) : Panama (Lawu. X. Y. Lye. 18(U, -TU) ; 

 Cuba (GrxDLAcn); Veragna (Salvix. 1807, 142;; Vera Cruz, winter (Sim. M. B. S. I,); 

 Mazatlan. 



Tliis species varies greatly in si/e with its geographical distril)u(ion. 



