riClD.K — TIIK WOODI'ECKKUS. 503 



probal»ly tlie case in the black and white species, and renders tlie final set- 

 tlement ul' the ([nestions involved viiv tlitlicult. 



After a careful consideration of the sulgect, we are not inclined to admit 

 any species or permanent varieties of the group of four-toed small white 

 and black Woodi)eckers as North or Middle American, other tliau those men- 

 tioned in the ])receding synopsis. 



Ficus villosus, Llnxkus. 



HAntT WOOOPECKEB; LAB6EB SAPSUCKER. 

 Var. canadensis. — Northern and Westorn regions. 



1 Picus Iciuvviehts, Uoni).t;KT, Tal.l. IM. Knl. 1783 (Xo. 34.'., f. 1, Cray). - Cass. P. A. N. S. 

 1863, 199. Dri/olMifi's Ictuoiiolns, Cab. & Hein. Mus. Hoin. iv, 67. < Pints , -a nadf li- 

 sts, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. I, 17SS, 437. — /Latham, IjuI. Orn. 1, 1790, 231.— Aid. 

 Orn. Biog. V, 1839, 188, pi. ccccxvii. — Iij. 8yn. 1839, 177. — Ir.. lUnls Aint'ri.a, IV, 

 1842, 235, pi. cclviii. — BoNAi'. ('onsp. 1850, 137. — In. Atcn. Ital. 18:.4, 8. Picks 

 ri/fosiis, FdiisTKi:, Thilos. Trans. LXII, 1772, 383, — Haikp. Binls X. Am. 1858, 84. 



— Cassis, 1\ A. N. S. 1863, 199. — Gkav, (tital. 1868, 45. — Dai.i. iV Banmstki:, 

 Tr. Chicago Af. Sc. I, 1869, 274 (Alaska). — FiN.«^cii, Al.h. Xat. Ill, 1872, 60 ^Alaska). 



— Samuels, 87. Pici(s(Ih'ndriM-oj)ifs) vi/fosas, S\v. F.-lJor. Am. II, 1531, 3(i5. Picus 

 phillipsi. Am. Orn. Biog. V, 1839, 186, pi. icccxvii. lis. Syn. 1839, 177. — In. 

 Birds Amcr. IV, 1842, 23S, pi. cclix (imniatun*, with yellow crown). — Xittall, Man. 

 I, (2(1 eil.,) 1840, 686. — Cass. P. A. X. S. 1863, 199. Picas nidrfiii'i; Ant. Orn. 

 Biog. V, 1839, ISI, pi. ccccxvii. — lu. Syn. 1839, 178. — lu. Birds Anur. IV, 15>42, 

 240, 1)1. cclx (y<^"»i,' nmh', with red feathers on «'rown). — Cass. P. A. X. S. 1863, 199. 

 Picus rubricapil/us, Nuttall, Man. I, (2d ed.,) 1840, 685 (same as preceding). Picus 

 septcntriomtliSf Nuttall, Man. I, (2d ed.,) 1840, 684. 



Var. Tillosus. — Middle States. 



Picus villosus, LINN.F.US, Syst. X'at. 1, 1758, 175. - - Vieii.lot, Ois. Am. Sept. II, 1807, 

 64, pi. cxx. — \ViL.sox, Am. Orn. I, 1808, 150, pi. ix. — Waglek, Syst. Av. 1827, 

 No. 22. — AUD. Orn. Biog. V, 1839, 164, pi. ccccxvi. — In. Birds Amer. IV, 1842, 

 244, pi. cclxii. — BoNAi". Conspectus, 1850, 137. — Suxdevall, Mon. Pic. 17.— 

 Baihd, Birds N. Ani. 1858, 84. Picus Icucomchinus, Wagleu, Syst. Av. 1827, 

 No. 18 (young male in summer). Ilainj Woodpecker, Penxaxt, Latham. DnjuUitcs 

 villosus, Cab. & Heix. Mus. Hein. iv, 2, 66. 



Var. auiluboni. —Southern States. 



Piciis auduhoni, Swaixsox, F. B. a. 1831, 306. -Tiiudeau, J. A. X. Sc. Ph. VII, 1837, 

 404 (very young male, with crown spotted with yellow). — Aun. Orn. Biog. V, 1839, 

 194, pi. ccccxvii. — Ib. Birds An »er. IV, 1842, 259, pi. (ulxv. — Xutt. Man. I, (2d 

 cd.,) 1840, 684. —Cass. P. A. N. S. 1863, 199. Picus villosus, Brvaxt, Pr. Bo.st. 

 Soc. 1859 (Bahamas, winter). — A llex, B. K. Fla. 302. 



Sp. Char. Abovi; black, with a white band down the middle of tlio back. All the 

 middle and larger wing-ooverts and all the quills with ct>n?picnous spots of white. Two 

 white stripes on each side of the head : the upper scarcely eonlluent behiiul. the lower 

 not at all so ; two black stripes eonlluent with the black of the luipe. Beneath white. 

 Three onter tail-feathers with the expiysfd portions white. Length. 8,00 to 11.0(); wing, 

 4.00 to 5.00; bill, 1.00 to 1.25. Male, with a nnehal scarlet crescent (wanting in the 

 female) covering the white, generally continuous, but ollen interrupted in the middle. 



