ri( ih.i:- Tin: uoodi'kckkks. 



r)2!» 



p. tridaotyluB. Doi^al n'i:i<Mi with whito maikiiiirs of* vftHoiis ntiioiinl 

 an<l iliii'<ii«>ii : a iiii»ri' «»r h's.^ tlistiiirt supralotal whiii* streak oi- strijM'. an«l 

 a molt' or Irss a|»|»aii'!it iiiirhal Itainl ot tho saiiir. Four to >ix miihllf tail- 

 U-atlicis fiitiivlv I'lat-k ; when six. tln» rt'iiiaiii'lrr art- wliitr. with thstinet 

 hhick bars to tlii'lr t'lnls ; when lour, thrv ar«' white without aiiv l»laek i)ari*, 

 rxci'pf occasionally a lew towai«l tlie l»a>e. Sides ahv.iys with hhu'k streaks 

 or inarkiiJirs. hut they aic soniefiiut's very sparse: erissuin hainied with 

 black, or iiiiMiaculate ; sides of the breast in»t continuously black. ^. 

 Crown with a patch <>r ^ounboj^e, aniltcr. or sulphur-yellow, surr<»undcd by 

 n whitish sulVusion or markings. 9- Cidwu without any yellow, but (\[s- 

 tinetly streaked, speckled, or sullu>cd with whitish (very seld* in plain black). 



a. Six middle tail-leathers w holly blat.k. Kinitpe and Asia. 



Siilcs and crissuni heavily barred with black (black bars about as 

 wide as the white oiic'.). 



Ba<-k usually tiansvcrsely spotte<l with white; occasionally 

 louLntudinally striped with the saiue in Scandinavian examples. 

 Win<r, 4.8U to ."..10; tail. ."I.so to 4.00; culmen, l/Jo to X/.W 

 Ilnh. Kuropi' ...... var. tridarfylna} 



Sides and <-rissum almost tree trom black bars; lilack V.ars on the 

 outer tail-leathers very much narrower than the white. 



Back alway.s (?) striped louiritudinallv with white. Willi:. 

 4.70 to 4.7'.: tail, :;.().". to :}.{)0 ; culmen. l.l'O to L.T.. Ilah. 

 Siberia and Xorthern ijussia . . . var. c r i ss it / c u rx s.- 



b. Four middle tail-feathers, (..iily. wholly black. North America. 



Sides heavily barred with black, but crissum without bars, except 

 beneath th<; surl'act*. Three outer tail-feathers without black bars, 

 except .sometimes on thi' iiasal portion of the inner w»'bs. Winpr. 

 4.-10 to .'..10: tail, :J.40 to :].70: culmen. l.lo t.. I '_'.'.. 



IJack transver.sely spotted or barred with white. Ifah. 

 Hudson's Bay reirion ; south in winter to northern border of 

 Eastern Tnited States ..... var. (i m r r ica n }( s . 



Back loni:itudinally striped with white at all scjisons. Ildh. 

 Rocky Moimtains; north to Alaska .... v.ir. dursuJis. 



1 Picniiku tri(lfict;ihis, var. tridm-ttihis. Piois trulnrfitlun, Linn. S. N. iJtlitd. I, 177vl7tii>). 

 — I)koi,.vni>, Orn. Kur. I, 1»»1 ^18410. Aitfenma tridoctiiluH, Bonat. IJirds (1S:JM, p. J). — 

 Gori.n, r.irds of Europe, pi. cixxxii. Pirniilrs triifacfi/lus, (Ju.vv. Picoidcs eurojxcus. Less. 

 Orn. p. 217 (1831^ 



2 picnidts fri'hrfi/?n% var. a-i'isofruais. Picus crissohucva, Br.AN'nT, Mus. Pt'troj*. Apternus 

 crisstdciu'tis, B«>NAP. Con.sp. — IJkicii. Syn. p. 3»>2, No. 8;56 ; pi. dixxxi, f. 4197, 4H>8. Picoidcs 

 cri.ssith'iicHx, Mai.h. Mono*;. Pic 1,180. ^*Aj>f<:nn(s Irnnfclniflrii.'iis, BoNAi'."' — Mai.u. Monofj. 

 Pic. T, 180 (in synouoniy). A}>tcrnus tridadijhiSy Mas. dc Maycnce. — Pallas, Zoogr. lios. 

 A.s. I, 415. 



VOL. 11. 



m 



