548 



NORTH AMERICA X lURDS. 



cisco. Mr. .T. G. PioU, of New York, \va.^ the first to meet with this bird in 

 tlie Lower Sierra Nevada. 



Dr. Ileonnanii jTocined specimens amoni; the southern mines, near the 

 Colorado JJiver, where they were especially Ireipientinj.;- the pine-trees in 

 search of their food. He saw n(>ne of them alight on an oak, though those 

 trees were abundant in that Ljcalitv. It has since been met with near Fort 

 Crook, and JJr. Cooper thinks it jaobable they may be more common in the 

 mountains of Eastern Oregon and in those of C'entral Utah. 



iJr. Cones says that it is resident, ))ut very rare, in Arizona. It frequents 

 pine-trees by preference. Its range is said to include both slopes of the llocky 

 Mountains, from Oregon to the liio Grande, and ]>rol)ably to Sonom. 



Mr. liidgway met with this rare W(jodpecker on the Sierra Xevada and 

 Wahsatch Mountains, where it inhalnted the same woods with the S. u'illiam- 

 soni ; it appeared to have the same manners and notes as that species, but it 

 was so seldom met with that nothing satisfactory could l)e learned concern- 

 ing its habits. Its cons})icuously barred coloratiou gives it much the appear- 

 ance of a Cent urns, when Hying. 



Genus HYLOTOMUS, P.aird. 



Dryotomus, Malherbe, Mem. Ac. ^letz. 1849, 322. (Not of Swaixson, 1831.) 

 Drtjopkus, B(»NAP. Coasp. Zygod. in Ateii. Ital. Muy, 1S54. (Xot of Maluerbe.) 

 Hijlatomus, Baikd, Birds N. Am. 1858, 107. (TyjK*, I'icus pilcatiis.) 

 Phheotomus, Cab. k Heix. 1863. (Same type.) 



Gex. Chah. Bill a little loiio^cr than tlio liead ; considerably depressed, or broader than 

 high at the ])ase; shaped inueh as ni CampephiJiin, exeept shorter, and without the 

 bristly feathers directed forwanls at the base of the lower jaw. Gonvs about half the 

 length of the conmiissure. Tarsus shorter than any toe, exeept the inner posterior. 

 Outer posterior toe shortei" than the outer anterior, and a littU; longer than the inner 

 anterior. Inner ]>osterior very sh(M't. not half the outer anterior; about hall" the iinier 

 anterior one. Tail long, grackiatetl: the longer f«'athtMS nnich incurved at the tip. Wnig 

 long'er than the tail, reacliing to the middle of the «xposed surface of tail; considerably 

 giaduatcd, though poinleu ; the fourth and tilth quills longest. Color uniform black. 

 Head with pointed occipital crest. A stripe from nasal tufts beneath the eye and down 

 side of neck, throat, lining of wing, and basal portion of under surlace of quills, white; 

 some species with the abdomen and sides barred black and brownish-white; others with 

 a white seai)ular stri))e in ad<liiion. Male with whole crown and crest and maxillary 

 l)atch red ; female with only the crest red. 



This genus is similar in geneml ap]>earance and size to CamprphUus, but 

 differs essentially iri many respects ; tlu^ differences l)eing, lu^wever, mostly 

 those which distinguish all other Woodj>eckers from the species of Campe- 

 j)Ju'/ (IS, which isuiiitpie in the peculiar structure of the tail-feathers, the great 

 gmduation of the tertials (sixth, instead of third or fourth, longest), and very 

 long gonys with the flat tuft (jf hair like feathers at its base. The less develop- 

 ment of the outer hind toe in Ilylotomus, which is about exactly intermediate 



