140 ATPEXDIX. 



Callocepiialus vitulinus — Common Seal. 

 Seems to be met with on the coast of Spitzbergen. 



Pagophilus Grcenlandicus — Harp Seal. 

 This sjjecies, on Parry's expedition, was occasionally seen 

 on the loose ice of the pack to the northward and westward 

 of Spitzbergen, and also at the Seven Islands of Phipps. 

 For an account of the seal fishery in the seas around Spitz- 

 bergen and Jan Mayen Island, see Scoresby's Arctic Regions, 

 i, 512-517. 



Cystophora cristata — Hooded Seal. 



This seems to be a common species near Spitzbergen. 

 Scoresby says that it often returns the attacks of its enemies, 

 and being defended by its hood from the stunning effect of a 

 blow on the nose, sometimes inflicts severe wounds on the 

 person attacking it. {Arctic Regions, i, 511.) For an ex- 

 cellent account of the whole family of the seals, see Dr. 

 Gray's Catalogue of Mammalia in the British Museum, part 

 ii (1850) ; fig. 13, p. 36, of that work, represents the skull 

 of this species. 



Sea Horse or Morse. Page 86. 

 Trichecus Rosmarus — Walrus or Morse. 



Very numerous on the "western coast of Spitzbergen, and 

 the Low Island of Phipps. On Parry's expedition none 

 were seen to the northward of Waldcn Island. It is a gre- 

 garious animal, not generally inclined to attack, but danger- 

 ous if attacked, as the M'hole herd resents any injury received 

 by an individual. These herds consist occasionally of up- 

 wards of a hundred animals each. When a herd of these 

 animals is asleep on the ice, they appear to take the precau- 

 tion of havina: a sentinel to warn them of anv dansrer to 

 which they may be liable. Admiral Beechey has given, 

 with his usual graphic powers, a good history of the habits 

 of this species [Voyage of Dorothea and Trent, pp. 89-97), 



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