174 



APPENDIX. 



Hypnum cuprossiforine 



„ uncinatum >. 



Trichostomum lanuginosum 

 Dicranum virens 



„ fuscescens 



Weissia crispula 

 Conostomum boreale ? 

 Polytrichum septeutriouale 



„ alpinum 



Splachnum Adamsianum 

 Voitia hyperborea 



Jungerraannia miuuta ■ 

 „ scalaris 



Gyrophora tesselata 

 „ cylindrica 



„ erosa 



„ deusta 



„ vallea 



Lecauora tartarea 

 ,, elegans 



Parmelia saxatilis 

 „ recurva 



., miniata 1 



Cetraria nivalis 

 „ cucullata 



„ islandica. " Iceland moss." 



" Immense quantities (of this 

 lichen) are gathered in Iceland, 

 not only for sale, but for their 

 own use as an article of common 

 food. The bitter and purgative 

 quality being extracted by steep- 

 ing in water, the lichen is dried, 

 reduced to powder, and made into 

 a cake, or boiled and eaten with 

 milk, and eaten with thankful- 

 ness, too, by the poor natives, who 

 confess that a bountiful Provi- 

 dence sends them bread out of 

 the very stones." — Hooker, Ung- 

 lish Flora, v, 221. 



Peltidea aphthosa 

 „ canina 



Cenomyce alcicornis 

 „ pyxidata 



„ gracilis 



Cladonia rangiferina, the Reindeer 

 moss. " It is this lichen which, 

 for the greater part of the year, 



and esijecially in Avinter, is the 

 sup25ort of the vast herds of rein- 

 deer, wherein consists all the 



wealth of the Laplanders 



Whatever may be the depth of 

 snow during the long winters of 

 that climate, these creatures have 

 the power of penetrating it and 

 obtaining their necessary food." 

 — Hooker, English Flora, v, p. 

 235. 



Cladonia vermicularis 



Isidium oculatum 



Stereocaulon paschale 



Sphgerophoron fragile 

 „ coralloides 



Alectoria jubata 



Cornicularia jubata 

 „ odontella ? 



„ ochroleuca 



„ lanata 



Ulva crispa 



Ptilota plumosa 



Protococcusnivalis, the "Red Snow." 

 Sir W. Hooker, in reference to 

 this most curious production re- 

 marks, that on Capt. Parry's ex- 

 pedition it was found " in greater 

 abundance, i^erhaps, than on any 

 former occasion, and in a situation 

 still more remarkable ; for it was 

 upon the floes of ice extending 

 nearly to the utmost limit of the 

 journey, and there, too, in such 

 abundance, and so completely 

 imbedded in the snow, that dis- 

 tinct red lines were left by the 

 tracks of the boats or sledges on 

 the surface; thus vegetating in the 

 most northern regions to which 

 man has yet been able to pene- 

 trate, and flourishing most in an 

 clement (or rather a state of an 

 element) in which no other vege- 

 table that we are acquainted with 

 can exist." 



Fucus digitatus 



llalymeuia palmata 1 



Lamiuaria sp .' 



