452 CONCLUSION. [1701. 



The chief objects of the late governor were gained. 

 The power of the Iroquois was so far broken that 

 they were never again very formidable to the 

 French. Canada had confirmed her Indian alliances, 

 and rebutted the English claim to sovereignty over 

 the five tribes, with all the consequerices that hung 

 upon it. By the treaty of Ryswick, the great 

 questions at issue in America were left to the 

 arbitrament of future wars ; and meanwhile, as time 

 went on, the policy of Frontenac developed and 

 ripened. Detroit was occupied by the French, 

 the passes of the west were guarded by forts, 

 another New France grew up at the mouth of the 

 Mississippi, and lines of military communication 

 joined the Gulf of Mexico with the Gulf of St. 

 Lawrence ; while the colonies of England lay pas- 

 sive between the Alleghanies and the sea till roused 

 by the trumpet that sounded with wavering notes 

 on many a bloody field to peal at last in triumph 

 from the Heights of Abraham. 



a spectator. There is a short official report of the various speeches, of 

 which a translation will he found in N. Y. Col. Docs., IX. 722. Callieres 

 himself gives interesting details. (Callieres au Ministre, 4 Oct., 1701.) A 

 great number of papers on Indian affairs at this time will he found in 

 N. Y. Col. Docs., IV. 



Joncaire went for the prisoners whom the Iroquois had promised to 

 give up, and could get but six of them. Callieres an Ministre, 31 Oct., 

 1701. The rest were made Iroquois by adoption. 



According to an English official estimate made at the end of the war, 

 the Iroquois numbered 2,550 warriors in 1689, and only 1,230 in 1G98. 

 V T . Y. Col. Docs., IV. 420. In 1701, a French writer estimates them at only 

 1,200 warriors. In other words, their strength was reduced at least one 

 half. They afterwards partially recovered it by the adoption of prisoners, 

 and still more by the adoption of an entire kindred tribe, the Tuscaroras. 

 In 1720, the English reckon them at 2,000 warriors. N. Y. Col. Docs., 

 V. 557. 



