2 NOTE OX ELEPHAS MERIDIOXALIS. 



aquatic. The upper jaw had no molars ; neither the upper 

 nor lower were provided with canines. The molars were crossed 

 by transverse ridges, somewhat resembling the Mastodon. 

 Deinotlienum giganteum appears to have been the only species. 



MASTODON. 



This extinct family is represented by seven species, ranging In 

 Europe and Asia, from the Miocene to the Pliocene. In North 

 America its remains occur as late as the Pleistocene. Both the upper 

 and lower jaws of Mastodon are furnished with tusks, those of the 

 lower jaw disappearing in the adult state. It differed from the 

 Elephant in having three molars in use at the same time. The 

 crowns had mammillated boss-like tubercles with transverse ridges 

 standing out in bold relief. In many species of Mastodon there is 

 a true vertical succession, affecting the third or the third and 

 second molars instead of the horizontal forward succession of 

 replacement, as is the case with Elephants. The range of the 

 genus is very extensive ; it has been supposed to reach Australia. 

 A fragment of a tusk found near Moreton Bay, Queensland, was 

 described by Sir R Owen (Proc. Royal Soc., March 30, 1882), the 

 Australian origin of which there is no question. 



The true Elephants appeared like the Deinotlierium and 

 Mastodon, in the Miocene age. They are grouped by the late 

 Doctor Falconer under three suborders Stegodon, Loxodon, 

 and Eu-elephas, of which Stegodon approaches nearest the Mastodon 

 in the mammillary form of the crown-ridges, so much so that if the 

 crown of a molar of Stegodon is denuded of its coat of cement it 

 would be referred to Mastodon rather than to Elephas. Three of 

 the four species of this genus are restricted to the Miocene forma- 

 tion of India, the fourth, S. insignis, survived the Pliocene age 

 of that country. 



Loxodon is represented by the living African Elephant. It 

 differs from Stegodon in the character of the molars, which are 

 more elevated and the enamel thinner. The European Pliocene, 

 Elephas meridionalis, the chief subject of the present memoir, 



