16 PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. 



can now do. He describes how his clothes were stolen one night, 

 and how his groom or mulateer joined the robbers. Among the 

 places he visited were the Phoenician cities of Gabal (famous for 

 the shrine of Ashteroth), Beyrout, Sarepta, Sidon, and Tyre, which 

 city he says was built on an island in the sea, drinking-water being 

 conveyed to it in boats. He visited also the Hittite cities Hamath, 

 Tunnah, Hazor, and Tabor; he not only mentions the ford of 

 Jordan, near the Beth Shean, but also a passage in front of the 

 city. Joppa was then surrounded with gardens of date-palms, 

 which have been now supplanted by orange groves. In one place 

 the Mohar had to drive along the edge of a precipice, at a height 

 of 2,000 cubits, full of rocks and boulders, " while at another time 

 his groom broke the chariot by driving over a slippery path, which 

 necessitated its repair by the iron workers at the next smithy." 



Rameses II. encountered the Hittites at Megiddo, in Palestine. 

 Details of the march and battles are given. The king brought his 

 army out of Egypt to meet the confederacy, under a command of 

 the king of the Hittites. In a speech he made at Iham, where he 

 held a council of war, which is preserved in the temple of 

 Karnach, he is reported to have said " That Hittite, king of 

 Kadesh (king of the Hittites), has arrived. He has entered into 

 Megiddo. He has assembled with him the kings of the tribes 

 over against the waters of Egypt as far as the land of Nannaim 

 (Mesopotamia)." In his subsequent campaigns, Rameses II. 

 encountered the Hittites again at Kadesh on the Orontes, 

 between the river Euphrates and the Great Sea, and followed 

 them up to the centre of their power. This might be the proper 

 place to mention that Mr. R. S. Poole, in his Horse. Egypticse, 

 was the first to indicate that most of the early dynasties 

 of Manetho are not successive, but contemporaneous, so that 

 sometimes no fewer than five sovereigns were on petty thrones at 

 the same time. Professor Rawlinson shows that when the 

 Shepherd kings occupied Egypt there were four other dynasties 

 in the land, and some under different names are identified to be 

 the same person. ~No record speaks of Thebes as being in the 



