DlARY OF WILLIAM WUITEWAY. 75 



spoken against the present Archbishop of Canterbury and the late 

 Archbishop of York, for which he resigned up his fellowship to the 

 house, and another was chosen fellow. He shortly after married a 

 rich young widow in Cambridge, being employed by Mr. Goodwin 

 to court her for him, and in November following Mr. Turchin 

 removing to Charminster, he was by Mr. Pitt settled in the vicarage 

 of Fordington." 



August 6. "This year Mr. White left off the celebrating of the 

 anniversary of the great fire which happened anno 1613." 



The pamphlet " Fire from Heaven " gives the same date as this entry, 

 and both together fix the date of the great fire which Hutchins considered 

 was uncertain. 



Aug. 29. " This day the town of Bere Regis was burnt, the 

 most part of it to the ground, with great quantity of corn. The 

 loss is valued at 20,000 pounds. The country sent them in about 

 500 speedily to relieve their present want. Dorchester sent 

 them in about .40." 



Under the date Sep. 9 we read " The King made a monopoly of 

 soap, forbidding all other to be used," but the soap made by the 

 Patentee was so bad that " many refused to use it," and in the end 

 the patentees had to compound " with the soap boilers of London, 

 giving them leave to use their trade " upon allowing them a fixed 

 sum on every barrel of soap made. 



The granting of monopolies was a source of revenue to the Sovereign 

 and a convenient mode of rewarding services, but it was most injurious 

 to trade and to private enterprise, by which trade is fostered. Any 

 article which obtained a ready sale was liable to be made a monopoly of, 

 and the patentee either manufactured it himself and thus disestablished 

 all the manufacturers in the kingdom, or he allowed them to continue 

 their trade on payment of a royalty to him. 



" Gresham, who saw the evil of the system, advised Queen Elizabeth 

 to give up these monopolies, but the evil was too lucrative to be readily 

 surrendered," and to the injury of the trade of the country it continued 

 to a much later date. The picture suggested by Mr. Whiteway is 

 ludicrous. The King, finding soap more largely used by his subjects, 

 granted a monopoly of it. The patentee having no knowledge of the 



