PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. ixi. 



but does not reach to the Equator. Several grow on the 

 elevated parts of Guatemala. Pinaster, Picea, and Abies grow 

 from Siberia to the north-west of America. Pseudostrolus is 

 restricted to the countries between California and Guatemala. 

 Cedrus, which is represented at the present day by only three 

 species, P. Cedrus, P. Deodar, and P. atlantica of the Lebanon, 

 the Himalayas, the Taurus and Algeria, occurs in the Upper 

 Cretaceous beds of Great Britain and Belgium. How wide then 

 must have been its distribution in former geological ages ; Larix, 

 too, had a considerable range ; seven species grew in Central 

 Europe, Northern Asia, the Himalayas, Northern China, Japan, 

 Oregon, North America from the Potomac River to Hudson's 

 Bay, and California. Strobus grows now, in the eastern part of 

 North America, from Lat. N. 50, to Georgia and the Valley of the 

 Mississippi. Its first appearance cannot be fixed with any 

 certainty before the Jurassic age. It is found in the Jurassics of 

 the British Islands, Belgium, and Spitsbergen, and through the 

 Cretaceous and Tertiary beds to the present day. Owing to 

 climatal changes in the Miocene age the floras of the world 

 experienced great modifications, many genera disappeared before 

 the end of the Pliocene age, and were succeeded by others. 



Mr. W. Carruthers has described several cones of the Abietina 

 from the Wealden, and an indubitable cone of Cedrus from the 

 Greensand of the Isle of Wight. Mr. J. Starkie Gardner has figured 

 a series of cones from the English Eocene formation. There are 

 proofs that Finns with tufts of two, three, and five needles lived in 

 Europe during the Miocene period, and that all with the exception 

 of Cembra and Pinus canariensis have maintained themselves to 

 the present day. The type Araucaria is known to us in its 

 entire cones and cone-scales from the Jurassic strata. The 

 foliage, which varies much, as we know, in recent forms, 

 can only be certainly determined when it is found in actual 

 connection with the cones. Araucaria sph&rocarpa, Carr, 

 from the Great Oolite of Stonesfield is preserved in the 

 Geological Department of the British Museum, showing 

 the characteristic single seed on a detached scale. The Arau- 



