PHOENICIAN COLONIZATION. I 1 5 



the Phoenician character developed, especially that trait by 

 which it is commonly known to the world at large a genius for 

 commerce and industry, a passion for the undertaking of long 

 and perilous voyages, an adaptability to circumstances of all 

 kinds, and an address in dealing with wild tribes of many 

 different kinds, which has been rarely equalled, and never 

 exceeded." Again he says : "They left long intervals of space 

 between one settlement and another, boldly planted them on 

 barbarous shores where they had nothing to rely on but them- 

 selves, and carried them into regions where the natives were 

 in a state of almost savagery. The commercial motive was 

 predominant with them, and gave them the courage to plunge 

 into wild seas and venture themselves among even wilder men. 

 These mighty Phoenicians seem to have carried everything before 

 them." 



Utica, 20 miles north-west of Carthage, was founded B.C. noi. 

 Malta was colonised by them B.C. 1000, and here was the famous 

 temple of Hagir Kim. Mr. Flinders Petrie, in his interesting 

 book on Lachish, mentions the stones in this temple as having the 

 same pock markings as those of the trilithons at Stonehenge. 

 Carthage was founded by Queen Dido, sister of Pygmalion, King 

 of Tyre, B.C. 853. 



The Carthaginian commerce was immense, northward to the 

 Cassiterides or Cornwall for tin, and even to the amber-producing 

 coasts of Northern Europe. They had 200 vessels of war, and 

 in the first Punic war 350, with 150,000 men. 



At Tingis and Lixus, both in North-West Africa and nearly 

 opposite to Gibraltar, were two temples ; parts of the stone walls 

 of Lixus still remain, the blocks are squared and carefully 

 dressed, some of them 1 1 feet long and 6 feet in height, arranged 

 in horizontal courses without cement. 



Cadiz, in Spain, is one of the most ancient towns in Europe, 

 having been built by the Phoenicians uoo B.C., under the name 

 of Gaddir or fortress. It afterwards came into the hands of the 

 Carthaginians, and there are known coins of the old Phoenician 

 period, made of copper, and bearing the head of the Tyrian 



