POWERSTOCK CHURCH AND CASTLE. 141 



the evidences of the exact points at which the old work was 

 retained and the new begun (a.) the points of the Norman 

 work on the north side were out of level, and in order to start 

 the new part level the upper Norman course was reduced in 

 depth towards the west ; fb.) where the buttresses and staircase 

 were built against the earlier walls a straight joint occurs, and 

 they are not bonded into the walls, as is the case higher up where 

 the two are coeval ; (c.) on the south side the i4th century base 

 mould is obviously inserted in the Norman wall, and a thin piece 

 of stone has been put to make up the depth of a course to meet 

 it ; (d.) the doorway retains the jambs of the Norman door on 

 the inside, and the outline of the early arch can be traced on the 

 outside ; (e.J oyster shells are used in the joints of the later work, 

 but not in the earlier (I may mention that I have never found 

 these in walling joints of earlier than the middle of the i4th 

 century). 



The buttresses are placed at right angles with the tower ; they 

 have a deep plinth and are carried up to the top of the middle 

 stage with three set-offs. The i4th century staircase has been 

 raised in more recent times, and a doorway inserted to give 

 access from the outside. The tower is surmounted by a moulded 

 cornice, with rude gargoyles which might have belonged to the 

 Norman tower, and embattled parapet. 



The archway between the tower and nave, the north window, 

 and the head of the west window are insertions of 1859. 



The west doorway, as remodelled in the i4th century, is a rich 

 one ; it has two orders of mouldings, the cavetto and wavemould 

 carried round jambs and arch, and the former member is 

 enriched by carved paterae ; the doorway is flanked by attached 

 pinnacles which stop the label, and have crocketted finials. The 

 inner arch is a barrel vault with moulded ribs and central bosses, 

 springing from the Norman jambs. 



The chancel arch is a good specimen of early Norman work 

 (circa 1 100) of three orders. The inner order of the arch has a 

 roll and a cable member, with diaper ornament on the flat 

 surface ; it is supported by engaged shafts on the jambs, with 



