DISEASES OF THE TEETH 47 



or flag stones. This disease is very much more common in winter than 

 summer and is more frequently seen in small or particularly fine bred 

 delicate animals. Friedberger and Frohner describe an epidemical 

 infectious pharyngitis that affects young animals when they are from 

 one to two wrecks old, and sometimes goes through an entire kennel, 

 attacking all ages. 



Pathological Anatomy, Clinical Symptoms and Cause. — The changes 

 of the mucous membranes of the pharynx and soft palate are the same 

 as are recognized in all catarrhal inflammations. The mucous mem- 

 brane is a diffused red, sometimes spotted, and coated with a dirty 

 yellow mucus, giving it a dull glairy appearance. The membrane puru- 

 lent on its surface, except in very grave affections, when especially on 

 its tlorsal surface there may be seen a number of small, irregular gran- 

 ulations. As a rule, if the inflammation is at all severe, the tonsils 

 are also swollen and protrude out of their membranous pouches in the 

 shape of brownish-red enlargements, and occasionally the subparotid 

 glands may be involved by the formation of an abscess. We very rarely 

 see any fibrinous (croupal) membranes in any of the severe inflamma- 

 tions of the throat. 



Clinical Symptoms. — The clinical symptoms of catarrh of the throat 

 are similar to acute stomatitis, and it is only by making a careful exami- 

 nation of the throat that we can make a correct diagnosis. In more 

 severe cases, beside increase and alteration in the saliva, which is thick 

 and tenacious, on manipulation in the region of the pharynx, it is pain- 

 ful. The subparotid lymph glands also are swollen and painful, and 

 there is a certain stiffness of the neck. The mucous membrane of the 

 pharynx should be examined and its changes from the normal considered. 

 The author has found, as a rule, that catarrh of the stomach accompanies 

 all these cases. Catarrh of the nasal passages and pharynx, and slight 

 fever is also seen in these cases, and in rare instances vomiting. The 

 course of the disease, as a rule, is favorable, but Frohner says if the in- 

 flammation of the pharynx extends into the Eustachian tube it may cause 

 deafness. Chronic pharyngeal catarrh is rarely or ever seen, but some- 

 times an ordinary case of catarrh of the pharynx may last three or four 

 weeks and cases have been known to recur from time to time* 



Therapeutics. — First examine the larynx and see if there are any 

 foreign bodies present. This can be done by forcing open the mouth and 

 by means of a spoon handle or a spatula the tongue is depressed and the 

 fauces examined. Always be sure, however, to determine that the animal 

 is not suffering from dumb rabies. In these cases the owners are very apt 

 to imagine the animal has something stuck in the throat or eaten some- 

 thing that is poisonous. In a mild case give the animal milk, thin soup 

 bouillon; in more severe cases, an external liniment, such as camphorated 



