58 DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE APPARATUS 



small opening into the stomach. In rare instances, this parasite is found 

 in the bronchial glands, the aortic wall, in the lungs, and in the neighbor- 

 hood of the kidneys (Railliet). The general symptom of these parasites 

 in the stomach is a catarrh of the stomach, gradual emaciation and 

 sometimes great restlessness. Hunter describes a dog who was greatly 

 emaciated and was destroyed as suspected of having rabies. On post- 

 mortem, the mucous membrane of the stomach was very much congested, 

 and he found six nodules the size of a walnut, in which there were 

 numerous spiroptera sanguinolenta. 



Very rare instances are found where the larvae of the Gastrophilus 

 equi are found in the mucous membrane of the dog. The egg may have 

 been deposited in the hair of the dog, and by being licked off by the 

 animal, reached the stomach or, from depraved appetite, the animal ate 

 horse droppings. This mode of transfer was done experimentally by 

 Railliet. 



DISEASES OF THE INTESTINES. 



Intestinal Catarrh. 



(Catarrh of the Bowels; Enteritis Catarrhalis.) 



Catarrh of the intestines originates freciuently from the same causes 

 as catarrh of the stomach, when the animal has eaten some irritating sub- 

 stance, and it frequently happens that the two diseases occur together. 



Intestinal catarrh is generally caused by the animal eating decayed, 

 tainted, fermenting, or indigestible food, or from intestinal parasites or 

 poisons. It also appears in an infectious form, attacking entire kennels 

 and animals of all ages. It is freciuently caused by cold or certain in- 

 fectious diseases and sympathetically in other disturbances of the in- 

 testinal tract, such as distemper, septicaemia from disturbances of the 

 circulation and from disorders of the liver, lungs, heart. Coccidia are 

 supposed to cause this disease, but the waiter never found but one case 

 in all his observations; in this one case the animal was greatly emaciated. 



According to the duration and severity of the disease, we determine 

 whether we have acute or chronic catarrh of the intestines. The acute 

 form of the disease lasts from one to two weeks; the chronic often for 

 months. 



Etiology. — The causes of acute and chronic catarrh in the intestines 

 are similar; the latter is frequently developed from the acute form and 

 from frequent return of the disease, the system becomes weakened and 

 the disease remains in a milder, but chronic form. 



The disease may be located cither in the small or large intestines, or 

 in both. The small intestine is the common seat of the disease, but it is 



