CA TA RRHA L J A UN DICE 1 05 



improper food, especially when it is frozen; cold drinks after over-heat- 

 ing; salt meat, or salt fish. That form of icterus that is so often seen 

 during distemper is very likely to be catarrhal. 



Pathological Anatomy. — The symptoms of catarrh of the duodenum 

 are always present; the vessels are more or less injected, and the mucous 

 membrane swollen. As a rule, the mouth of the duct is closed, and it is 

 only by very strong pressure on the gall bladder that we are able to 

 open it and force the bile out of the duct. In some cases a white clot of 

 mucus is forced out and when the duct has been plugged up some time 

 the bile is converted into a syrupy or semi-solid mass, but in the majority 

 of cases it is due to swelling of the intestines and not to catarrh of the 

 mucous membrane of the duct. 



In some post mortems, we may not find any swelling in the region of 

 the duct, but very frequently the post-mortem changes are so cjuick as 

 to be hardly recognizable at the autopsy. Another fact to be taken into 

 consideration, is that the canal is so very narrow in the dog that it takes 

 a very small amount of swelling to obstruct it. 



The body of the liver may be changed; it is generally enlarged and 

 anaemic, and varies in color from a j^ellow to a yellowish-brown. The 

 color is irregular and it is mottled like a nutmeg. The cells of the liver are 

 infiltrated and filled with globules of fat, colored with brownish pigment, 

 in the shape of granulated clots. The cadaver is generally anaemic; the 

 Ijlood is clotted in the heart and large blood vessels or we find large 

 lumps of hard reddish-yellow coagulate, or the blood may be stained 

 yellow and contain white blood corpuscles in increased quantities. The 

 red blood corpuscles are not much changed, but vary in size. All the 

 tissues of the body, except the white substance of the brain, the spinal 

 cord, the peripheral nerves and the corneal tissue, are stained more or less 

 by the bile-pigment. The heart muscle undergoes a certain amount of 

 fatty degeneration. The kidneys are anaemic; in the pale portion of the 

 kidney we see extensive whitish stripes running in the direction of the 

 urinary canals; this is caused by an irregular fatty degeneration and 

 pigmentary infiltration of the canals (Siedamgrotsky). 



Clinical Symptoms and Course of the Disease. — As this disease is 

 generally associated with catarrh of the stomach, the first symptoms in 

 jaundice will be of that disease — loss of appetite, increased thirst, vomit- 

 ing, coated tongue; in some rare instances, however, these may be absent, 

 the first symptom being that of jaundice (yellowishness of the mucous 

 membranes) . 



When the bile and liile acids enter the blood the following symptoms 

 are observed: 



1 . By the entrance of the coloring matter of the bile into the tissues, 

 they become more or less yellow, first yellowishness of the conjunctiva 



