CATARRH OF THE NOSE 129 



oxide of zinc ointment. In all mucous, purulent, or chronic catarrhs 

 spray the nose ^yith a 2 per cent, solution of creolin, or coat around the 

 nostril with vaseline or oil. In acute catarrh it is best to spray the 

 nostril with an atomizer, using either of the following solutions: creolin, 

 2 per cent.; carbolic acid, 2 per cent.; boric acid, 3 per cent.; the inhala- 

 tion can be given in the form of warm solutions, allowing the animal to 

 inhale the steam from them by the method described in the treatment of 

 chronic catarrh of the larynx on page 136, or with an atomizer; infusion 

 of chamomile, carbolated water, tar water, and oil of turpentine have 

 been used with good results. Foetid discharges from the nasal cavity may 

 be treated by injections or local applications but, as a rule, animals resist 

 treatment, and the excitement and irritation to the animal does much 

 more harm than good. The vapor apparatus described on page 136, is 

 much simpler and produces good results. Painting the nasal cavity 

 with a 1 to 5 per cent, solution of cocaine will anaesthetize the mucous 

 membrane and lessen the irritation of the animal; an atomizer maybe used 

 or powder applied by means of an insufflator is useful to make local appli- 

 cations to the nose; in making such local applications care must be taken 

 to have the patient's head dependent and use very little force in the appli- 

 cation, so the injection may traverse only the nasal cavity and not be 

 driven into the larynx and into the lungs. The mild albuminous solu- 

 tions of silver may also be used. 



Other Diseases of the Nasal Cavities. 

 Bleeding at the Nose (Epistaxisj. 



This is a result of traumatic or mechanical causes, such as blows, bites, 

 lacerations, or the entrance of foreign bodies into the nasal cavities; it 

 also results from acute or chronic catarrh, pathological growths, parasites 

 in the nasal cavity, congestion or rush of blood to the nasal region, infect- 

 ious diseases, parasites (pentastomes) , or hemorrhage from the lungs. 



Violent bleeding at the nose can be controlled by injections of cold 

 water or a 3 per cent, solution of chloride of iron into the nostril. It is 

 very difficult to place a tampon in the dog's nose that will be efficient, on 

 account of the anatomical peculiarities. 



AVhen the pentastomum is present, the only efficient way to get 

 at it is to trephine the frontal bones, so that agents can be injected 

 directly into the location of the parasites. For this operation refer to the 

 text-books on surgery. 



Treatment. — Xo treatment is generally required, as the majority 

 of attacks of epistaxis stop spontaneously if the animal is kept quiet. 

 In persistent cases make applications of cold water to the head or solu- 

 tions of ec|ual parts of vinegar and alum are injected into the nose, or in- 

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