CATARRH OF THE NOSE 



131 



chronic, the pus may be lilxn-ated by trephining, and the cavities washed 

 out with astringent solutions, peroxide of hydrogen, zinc, lead, or alum. 



Pentastoma and Pentastoma Influenza (Linguatula 

 Taenioides). — This ta-nia-like })arasite, which l)elongs to 

 the class of archnides, and ortler of Linguatukc, has a 

 flat, tongue-like body, which is indented at its borders 

 and composed of 90 to 100 segments, making the body 

 have a saw-like appearance, and is whitish-yellow in 

 color (see Fig. Gl). The female is 80 to 95 mm. and the 

 male 18 to 20 mm, long, both sexes about 1 to 2 mm. 

 wide. 



These parasites are found in the sinuses of the fore- 

 head and the upper nasal chambers (Fig. 02) ; they may 

 also find their way into the pharynx, where they are 

 developed sexually. The eggs are yellowish-l:)rown, as 

 many as 500,000 being found in one female; these eggs 

 are attached to some vegetable substance eaten with the 

 vegetable food by a herbivorous animal or man. In the 

 stomach it becomes free when the shell is dissolved and 

 reaches the liver in various ways. It is found in the 

 spleen, kidneys, peritoneum, and in rare instances in the 

 lungs, where it becomes encysted; this is the sexless larval form, 

 pentastomum denticulatum (Linguatula denticulata) (Fig. 63). It re- 

 sembles the sexed parasite in general shape, except that it is much 



Fig. 61.— Pen- 

 tastoma taenioides. 



Fig. 62. — Cross-section of the head of a dog with pentastoma in the nasal cavity. 



smaller, from 4 to 5 mm. long, and in its anterior part about 1.5 mm. 

 wide. It lies in a detached cyst which is about 5 mm. long. In 

 six months it becomes sufficiently developed to break through the 

 cyst-wall, and by direct migration finds its w'ay to the bronchial 

 tubes; it is coughed up from the lungs of the host and finds 



