ACUTE LARYNGEAL CATARRH 133 



rather difficult to apply, on account of the narrowness of the nasal pas- 

 sage in the dog. In very acute cases, the best method of procedure is to 

 trephine the upper part of the nasal passage and going directly into that 

 cavity inject it with solutions of turpentine, chloroform, corrosive subli- 

 mate solution and wash out the parasite. This can be accomplished by 

 using a good sized syringe filled with the solution (creolin 1, water 15, or 

 emulsion of turpentine in linseed oil 1 to 10) and putting a small section 

 of rubber hose on the end of the syringe; insert it into the opening and 

 inject slowly, taking care to see that the animal's nose is depressed and so 

 allow the flow to go over the location of the parasites. 



DISEASES OF THE LARYNX. 



Acute Laryngeal Catarrh. 



(Acute Laryngitis) . 



This is generally observed in the spring and autumn, and at times 

 seems to be epidemic; it may be caused by lying in a draught, being 

 bathed in cold weather, cutting the coat too early, or sudden changes of 

 temperature. It is found more frequently in delicate or pampered 

 dogs, these animals catching cold much more easily than hardier animals. 



Etiology. — The most common cause of catarrh of the larynx is cold; 

 laryngitis rarely originates from direct irritation by agents that affect 

 the mucous membrane of the larynx, such as inhalation of smoke, dust, 

 irritating gases, foreign bodies, etc. It may result from constant barking, 

 as when an animal is exhibited at a show and barks constantly, or through 

 lying near a fire and getting very warm and then going and lying at the 

 door, where the draught will come on the head and throat. Laryngitis 

 appears as a secondary symptom of acute inflammation of the nose, 

 trachea, and bronchi, and it is generally one of the precursory symp- 

 toms of distemper. 



Pathological Anatomy. — The mucous membrane of the larynx is 

 partially or entirely reddened, inflamed, and swollen, and covered with 

 mucus over its entire surface; this mucus is rarely purulent; in serious 

 cases, the membrane is eroded or ecchymosed in spots. 



Clinical Symptoms. — The first noticeable symptom is a cough; 

 this may be very loud, according to the condition; it is always coarse, 

 hard, and dry in the beginning; later it becomes softer and more moist 

 as it is accompanied with the secretions of mucus, and the animal may 

 retch and act as if going to vomit. 



By a slight pressure on the glottis we can make the animal cough, 

 and the larynx seems to be painful on manipulation; running, excitement, 

 drinking cold water, or the administration of medicine all produce 

 coughing. Difficulty in respiration is seen in certain forms of laryngitis 



