136 DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS 



tected from cold, with rest, and avoiding excitement or prolonged howl- 

 ing. Among the agents used in general treatment the following are best: 

 Inhalations of hot medicated solutions, carbolic acid, tar, oil of turpentine 

 or powdered salt, chlorate of potassium, alum, or tannic acid. Inhala- 

 tions with these agents by means of an atomizer, or by vapor bath should 

 be made twice daily for ten or fifteen minutes. 



It is readily understood that inhalations are rather hard to admin- 

 ister in the dog, as the animal cannot be kept still while the medication is 

 being made, and also because the dog breathes through the nose, and if 

 prevented from doing so the vapor is carried into the throat and again 

 into the mouth. The only practical way to get an animal to inhale a 

 vapor is to put him in a close box and through an opening introduce 

 steam that fills up the apartment; then the animal has to inhale it. This, 

 however, can be practised only in a hospital. But where the animal is 

 at home, the best method of procedure is to place him on a cane-seated 

 chair, and having placed the medicated agent, steaming hot, under the 

 chair, cover the animal with a sheet and hold him for ten or fifteen min- 

 utes; or we may also hold the steaming vessel under his nose and cover the 

 head. It is only with the greatest difficulty that the laryngeal mucous 

 membranes can be painted with any medicinal agent. This is to be re- 

 gretted, as it is the only direct way that the membrane can be treated with 

 any certainty. In making local applications to the larynx an assistant 

 holds open the mouth by means of tapes, the tongue is pressed down- 

 ward by means of a spatula or the handle of a spoon, and the throat is 

 sprayed by means of an atomizer or a brush or a quill. The intratracheal 

 method of administration of medicinal agents is rather difficult to follow 

 out, particularly in animals that are fat or have short necks; insert the 

 needle beneath the larynx or through the crico-thyroid ligament, the solu- 

 tions to be used are 1 per cent, solution of morphine or codeine. These 

 injections should be made daily or every other day. 



Frequently in chronic catarrh we use narcotics to stop the severe 

 cough produced by irritation of the membrane — morphine, codeine, 

 heroin, and in rare cases bromide of potassium or chloral hydrate. 

 Expectorants are not of much use in the dog. 



As to other affections of the larynx, with the exception of tuberculosis 

 of the larynx and certain tumors described by Cadiot (both conditions 

 which are extremely rare), the only one of practical importance is 



Hemiplegia Laryngis. 



This is occasionally observed. In this affection the animal has a pe- 

 culiarly shrill bark, which is varied in tone, becoming harder and harsher 

 and spasmodic, accompanied by great difficulty in respiration, marked 

 dyspnoea and roaring sounds during respiration. The condition may be 



