146 DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS 



acute pulmonary hemorrhage follows and death occurs in a very short 

 time. 



Therapeutics. — Keep the animal in the air or a well ventilated room 

 and let the animal rest, with no disturbing influences. In grave cases use 

 venesection, cold baths and clysters, or massage of skin. If oedema 

 threathens, treat accordingly. 



Croupous Inflammation of the Lungs ; Fibrinous Pneumonia. — This 

 is a firm, hemorrhagic exudation in the alveoli of the lungs and small 

 bronchia. Is very rarely seen in the dog. The writer has never seen a 

 case of true lol)ular pneumonia, but has seen a few cases of croupal 

 lobular pneumonia, the course of which is very similar to that of catarrhal 

 pneumonia in all its symptoms, the difference being detected only on 

 post-mortem. Roll makes the statement that croupous inflammation of 

 the lungs is common in the dog, but he probably meant croupal lolnilar 

 pneumonia. 



The clinical difference between croupal and catarrhal pneumonia 

 is the rapid course in the onset of the former, the bronchial murmur 

 is lost early, due to the filling up of the bronchial tulies, the frequent 

 complication of pleurisy and the quick formation of a pleuritic exudate. 



Anthracosis pulmonum (blackening of the lungs), due to the inhala- 

 tion of coal dust or coloring matter found in animals living in cities or 

 kept as watch dogs in factories where dust is constantly in the atmos- 

 phere, is quite common in the dog, but it has no pathological significance. 



Emphysema of the lungs is not such an important disease in the dog 

 as it is in man and the horse. That form of emphysema which appears 

 in bronchitis and pneumonia, characterized by an extreme distention of 

 the alveoli, has been mentioned under these diseases. If the irritation is 

 constant, the disease becomes chronic and a progressive atrophy of the 

 alveolar walls takes place until they are entirely closed up, the neighbor- 

 ing alveoli become absorbed or altered, and finally large cavities are 

 formed, and the blood vessels become atrophied. On section of the lung 

 the edges of the cavities are pale, soft, and the blood vessels are stained 

 with pigment. Sometimes, as a result of severe exertion, such as 

 vomiting, pregnancy, or laceration of the alveolar walls, air is allowed to 

 penetrate into the interlobular, interstitial, or subpleural connective 

 tissue; this is generally caused as a result of severe and continual cough- 

 ing spells and where animals have died from some form of suffocation. 

 Siedamgrotzky describes a case where an old emphysematous dog had a 

 severe fit of coughing and the lung was lacerated, causing pneumothorax. 



Bronchial Asthma; Asthma. — Under tlie general term of asthma 

 we understand dyspnoeas, accompanied with continued cough and labored 

 spasmodic breathing. The true spasmodic asthma, as described in man, 

 in which there are acute attacks of spasmodic respiration, can hardly be 



