DISEASES OF THE URINARY AND SEXUAL APPARATUS. 



EXAMINATION OF THE URINARY APPARATUS. 



This comprises the examination of the prepuce, urethra, prostate, 

 bhickler, kidneys, the vulva in the female, and especially of the urine. 



Examination of the Prepuce, Vulva and Urethra. 



If a glossy or purulent discharge comes from the prepuce, it indicates 

 a catarrhal condition of the part (catarrh of the foreskin or gonorrhoea 

 of the prepuce). If the discharge is purulent, bloody, and has a foetid 

 odor, we will find wounds, ulceration, swellings, or new formations, on 

 the prepuce or the glans. To make an examination of the 

 penis, we must lay the animal on its side, take hold of the 

 base with one hand and with the other retract the foreskin, 

 so as to expose the penis as far back as the glans, and in 

 this way it is comparatively easy to make an examination. 

 If it is found impossible to expose the free portion of the 

 penis, it indicates phimosis or an abnormally narrow open- 

 ing of the prepuce, while paraphimosis is a condition in 

 which the greatly distended glans is outside of the open- 

 ing of the retracted prepuce. Catarrhal affections, (ure- 

 thral or gonorrhceal) of the urethra are very rare in the 

 dog. They are recognized by a discharge of purulent mucus 

 from the urethra, by difficulty in urination, and the animal, 

 on catheterization, may pass purulent mucus from the 

 urethra. In cases where there is great difficulty in passing 

 urine, or where it is retained entirely, it becomes necessary 

 to pass the catheter or sound. When this retention of urine 

 occurs, it is generally due to the presence of a stone in the 

 bladder, a collection of stones in the urethra, or swelling of 

 the prostate, but it may also indicate cicatricial strictures 

 of the urethra, irritants, acute cystitis, distention of the 

 bladder by prolonged retention of urine, stone of the bladder, or neo- 

 formations in the bladder. 



Passing the catheter in the dog: It is best to use an ordinary rubber 

 catheter in the male dog (about 2 to 5 mm. in diameter and the ordinary 



109 



Fig. 69.— 

 Male catheter. 



