CATARRH OF THE BLADDER 191 



about the thickness of a lead pencil. It is generally blood-red in color, and 

 invariably found solitary. It is usually found in the pelvis of the kidney, 

 causing great irritation of its mucous membrane, the pelvis of the kidney 

 and even the kidney itself being converted into an enormous cyst in the 

 middle of which lies the parasite, twisted in a round spiral mass. 



During life there are no symptoms which could be called characteristic 

 and recognized with any ease. The animal may show evidences at times 

 of great pain, quick respirations, moving from one place to another, utter- 

 ing occasionally short cries of pain, scratching or digging with the 

 paws in an aimless way, great depression, staggering gait, the back is 

 arched or bent laterally; in rare instances there are severe cramps of the 

 posterior extremities. The urine is generally turbid and contains pus; 

 under favorable circumstances we may find the eggs of the parasite, these 

 are brown in color, oval in shape, and their external surface is granular or 

 pitted; they are about 70/i long and 40/^ wide. The presence of the eggs 

 of the parasite is of course positive evidence of its presence. The parasite 

 may find its way into the bladder, producing a cystitis, or into the urethra, 

 obstruct that canal, or it may be passed out entirely. As a rule the para- 

 site causes so much irritation locally as to cause the death of the host. 

 Lacosta, however, had a case where the animal passed the parasite and 

 made a complete recovery. The treatment consists in the administration 

 of oil of turpentine in repeated small doses. 



DISEASES OF THE BLADDER. 



Catarrh of the Bladder; Inflammation of the Bladder. 



{Cystitis.) 



Etiology. — Catarrh of the bladder is generally caused by microbes such 

 as coli bacilli and their kindred bacteria, and also Ijy the pyogenic cocci, 

 staphylococci, streptococci, etc., which find their way into it, as a result of 

 certain infectious diseases and are eliminated by the kidneys or by certain 

 chemical irritants, such as oil of turpentine, cantharides, carbolic acid, or 

 creosote, and also calculi. Septic instruments, such as catheters, Avhen 

 introduced into the bladder, may set up an irritation of the mucous mem- 

 l>rane. Cystitis is caused by the extension of an irritation from the 

 urinary ducts. In septic or mycotic inflammations of the intestines, and 

 thus the kidney carrrying off waste materials, from irritation of the 

 pelvis of the kidney, from the uterus, and from retention of the urine, 

 caused by stones in the urethra in bitches. From hypertrophy of the 

 prostate, or in case of well "house-broken" dogs that retain the urine, 

 being unable to get oustide, and as a consequence of retention produce 



