MAMMITIS MASTITIS 225 



found, hooked with the finger the ovary is pulled down to the opening 

 and cut off either by scissors or twisted off with forceps, care being taken 

 to remove the ovary entirely. Some authors recommend removing a 

 portion of the horn with the ovary; this, however, is not really necessary. 

 After removing the ovary, the Fallopian tube is traced back to 

 the bifurcation at the uterus, the other tube found and followed back to 

 the other ovary, which is removed in the same manner. In cases where 

 the remaining ovary cannot be reached, laparotomy is made on the other 

 flank, and the ovaries pulled through the opening and then cut off with 

 the scissors, and the wound sewed up as described in the other operation. 

 Friedberger has operated on hundreds of bitches in the above-described 

 manner; he removes both ovaries through the one opening in the left 

 flank. Gunther makes an opening in both flanks, taking one ovary out 

 of each. The subsequent treatment consists of feeding the animal on 

 small quantities of easily digested food, and treating the wound with the 

 regular antiseptics. 



DISEASES OF THE MAMMARY GLAND. 



INFLAMMATION OF THE MAMMARY GLAND. 



MAMMITIS. MASTITIS. 



True inflammation of the mammary gland, due to bacterial infec- 

 tion is extremely rare. It may occur, however, in an acute or chronic 

 state as a result of traumatisms, kicks, blows, cuts, orinjuries incident to 

 suckling puppies, or congestion of the udder from caking or drying of the 

 milk, and consequently retention and tumefaction, and finally, the for- 

 mation of abscess of the gland. This condition may be caused by sudden 

 removal of the puppies, or the pups born dead and the udder filled with 

 milk. 



The udder may be swollen through its entire length or certain sec- 

 tions may be affected. It is warm and painful to the touch, the affected 

 part is deep red or in white animals, purple red, and the swelling cede- 

 matous. Pressure on the nipple causes the milk to flow, and it is thin, gray- 

 ish white, sometimes very thick and creamy, the latter generally containing 

 pus or is streaked with blood. In more acute cases, there is fever, loss of 

 appetite, the tissues become purple red and it forms an abscess, which 

 fluctuates, points and allows the escape of creamy pus, streaked with 

 blood; it may in some cases become gangrenous and a portion slough out, 

 and in rare cases cause death. Occasionally cases become chronic and 

 certain portions of the gland atrophy, or become corded or nodulated. 



Treatment. — The puppies must be removed as soon as possible, the 

 gland bathed frequently with warm water and lead water solution applied, 

 15 



