NEOFORMATIONS OF THE MAMMARY GLAXD 227 



also be cyst formations. Some of these mammary tumors reach enor- 

 mous sizes, hang down and sometimes touch the ground, (Fig. 91). As 

 a rule these tumors are round; flat tumors as a rule, are rare, these tumors 

 may be round or apple-like externally or they may be nodulated and 

 irregular and fluctuate at certain parts of the tumor. These fluctuating 

 portions may or may not open, and discharge their contents and form an 

 ugly, raw, unhealthy cancerous ulcer, which is constantly licked by the 

 animal and generally we find enlarged infected lymphangitis in the sur- 

 rounding tissues. Carcinoma is frequently found on bitches that are 

 beyond middle age, in the form of carcinoma fibrosum, or carcinoma 

 schirrosum, or partially as carcinoma medullare or myxomotodes and 

 calcification, or ossification, as well as cyst formations. 



Treatment. — These must be operated on when the tumor is well de- 

 fined, they can be operated on and removed with comparative ease. 

 When the tumor infects the interior of the gland and is malignant, the 

 entire gland should be removed, and also any infected lymphatics. 

 Frohner found that some of the tumors (carcinoma) become calcareous 

 and unless they are very large are best left alone. Small benign tumors 

 should not be interfered with if they are not growing. 



