242 DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 



as a " dummy " in the horse, and it may be congenital or it may follow dis- 

 temper. Frohner found twenty-nine cases in 70,000 dogs. The follow- 

 ing symptoms are observed: dulness, head inclined to one side, uncertain, 

 irregular gait, with a tendency to go to one side, amaurosis, deafness, and 

 loss of the sense of smell. On post mortem, the brain on section is 

 found to have a sero-lepto-meningitis, with large collections of fluid 

 in the ventricles; in some cases only a pachymeningitis has been observed. 

 The treatment consists in giving laxatives. Injections of pilocarpin, as a 

 rule, only produce a slight amelioration of the symptoms. 



Sunstroke. — This is very rare, but it is occasionally seen in the 

 working dogs of European countries, wdiere on extremely warm days the 

 animals pull very heavy loads. In cases where the animals die, we find 

 the same phenomena observed in congestion or inflammation of the brain. 

 In one case the entire muscular system was filled with small hemorrhagic 

 centres, much hypenemia, and a considerable quantity of sero-sanguinous 

 fluid. Between the dura mater and the arachnoid the surface of the brain 

 was covered with small hemorrhages, the lungs were congested, the heart 

 dilated and flabby, and full of dark coagulated blood. Occasionally an 

 animal may die without any premonitory symptoms, or may collapse 

 suddenly, having a very strong throbbing pulse, dyspnoea, mouth open and 

 tongue hanging out, and an increase of temperature. 



Treatment. — This is similar to the treatment of congestion and in- 

 flammation of the brain; rest, cool room, cold compresses to the head and 

 if there is great depression, stimulants may be administered. 



Turning Disease. — This condition is indicated by the animal turning 

 in circles. These movements are involuntary and are due to some morbid 

 process of the brain particularly in the cerebellum, especially its peduncles, 

 such as hemorrhage, inflammation, embolus, etc., and it may also result 

 from blows, injuries to the skull, it may result from nervous distemper, or 

 it may also be from some reflex action. Frohner observed it in constipa- 

 tion, and he also found this disease in twenty-nine animals in an observa- 

 tion covering 70,000. The treatment consists in keeping the animal 

 perfectly (juiet and the adminstration of sulphonal, hypnon and urethan. 



Edema and Parasites of the Brain. — Edema is generally found on 

 post mortem and is especially interesting, for as a rule there is not the 

 slightest indication of this condition seen during life; in rare cases edema 

 is found to be the cause of a variety of symptoms during life, such as 

 monoplegia, hsemiplegia, hemianaisitasia, involuntary muscular move- 

 ments, ataxia, convulsions, and from the increased pressure on the brain 

 we may find stupidity, clumsiness, giddiness, and fainting spells. 



Parasites produce certain ])rain phenomena and particularly from the 

 presence of the cysticercus cellulosa', such as great nervous excitement, 

 attacking persons without cause, involuntary movements, great depres- 



