270 DISEASES OF TRUE INFECTION 



small incisions in the abdominal wall of healthy young animals. The 

 disease appeared after eight days. 



Krajewski vaccinated numerous young animals with secretions of 

 the nose and pustules, these inoculations being on the mucous mem- 

 brane of the nose, and under the skin, and arrived at the following 

 conclusions: 



1. The contagious germ of distemper is confined to the secretion of 

 the nose and eyes, and the blood. 



2. The germ does not lose its virulent properties in any degree when 

 dried at a normal temperature, or frozen at 18° to 20° of cold. However, 

 its virulence becomes attenuated when kept for any length of time in a dry 

 place. 



3. The disease, when it is produced by vaccinating, runs a very mild 

 course, and kills, as a rule, from 10 to 15 per cent, while the ordinary 

 disease kills from 32 to 70 per cent. Laosson has obtained the same results 

 after vaccinating ninety-eight animals, and found also that the contents 

 of these pustules are generally inactive, and that the nasal secretion 

 loses its virulence after eight days. Friedberger's observations are dia- 

 metrically opposite, for he contends that he has caused infection by means 

 of the contents of the pustules. He also recognized in cases where the 

 disease originated from vaccination that there was a short intervening 

 stage of incubation and, as a rule, was much less in intensity, ran a veiy 

 rapid course, and that the groups of pustules were confined to the region 

 of vaccination. 



Schantyr has lately published certain observations concerning the 

 microbes of distemper. He agrees with Putz that distemper of the dog 

 resembles distemper in horses to a remarkable degree, and his theory of 

 the subject is that distemper may be classified into three diseases, accord- 

 ing to the presence of three microorganisms of different characters. 

 These diseases are: Abdominal typhus, true distemper of the dog, 

 and canine typhoid. Their clinical as well as their pathological 

 symptoms have a great similarity with one another, and it is only 

 with a careful microscopical examination that the specific microorgan- 

 isms can be separated. The bacilli of typhoid (small, slender bacilli, 

 which are almost exactly like the typhoid bacilli in man) are generally 

 found separate in the blood, while the bacilli of distemper (small, and 

 somewhat curved) and the bacilli of typhoid (typhoid are very small and 

 slender) are generally arranged in groups. The bacilli of typhus are hard 

 to color with fuchsin, and become colorless with Gram's test. This is 

 not the case with distemper and the bacillus of typhoid. Typhus and 

 typhoid bacilli give characteristic cultures upon agar, gelatin, and potato, 

 while the bacillus of distemper is extremely hard to cultivate under any 

 circumstances. Megnin divides distemper into two groups. Cadiot and 



