372 WOUNDS AXD THEIR TREATMENT 



growth of hair. Treatment in all cases consists in applying cooling 

 applications that prevent the air from reaching the burned surface, 

 such as flour, starch, boracic acid, or talcum powder, applications of solu- 

 tions of lead water, acetate of alum or cresol, or unction of petrolatum, 

 zinc or lead oxide ointments, also ointments of ichthyol or thigenol (1 to 

 10), lead liniment 1 part of acetate of lead and 10 parts of olive oil, 

 calcium liniment (so-called carron oil), lime water and linseed oil equal 

 parts, or mixture of equal parts of carron oil and carbolized oil (1 to 20) 

 or a mixture of a beaten up egg and linseed oil. Blisters of very large 

 size should be opened with a fine needle, taking care to make a very small 

 opening in the covering of the blister and endeavor to prevent it from being 

 rubbed off. In case the epidermis — that is to say, the covering of the 

 blister — is rubbed off, the above-mentioned salves and liniments can be 

 used, but drying powders such as dermatol, airol, aristol, subnitrate of 

 bismuth, oxide of zinc are much to be preferred. These drugs are 

 generally rubbed up with starch or talcum and dusted on the sore by 

 means of a pledget of absorbent cotton, a perforated tin dusting box or 

 blown on by means of an insufflator. Powders of salicylic acid or 

 magnesia in combination with talcum powder should be employed where 

 there is suppuration or scalding of the third degree. Some recommend 

 a solution of picric acid 1 to 100, or a 5 per cent, solution of nitrate of 

 silver. Where the animal is in very violent pain, we should use cocaine 

 in solution as a local application. A bandage of absorbent cotton is 

 put over the scalded portion. This is rather difficult, however, to keep 

 in position, as in cases of severe scalding the animal constantly moves 

 or twists the body in endeavoring to lick or bite the wounds. This must 

 be prevented if possible. In cases of acute or extensive scalds the animal 

 must be covered with cotton batting and given some of the various 

 stimulants such as alcohol, camphor, or ether, and also the subcutaneous 

 solution of common salt is to be recommended. 



Frost Bites. — Freezing is comparatively rare, prol^ably due to a 

 certain extent to the fact that frost bites, if they happen to be mild in 

 character, are either overlooked or mistaken for other affections. Frost 

 bites occur in hunting dogs, in the work dogs of Europe, and also the sled 

 dogs of Canada and Alaska. Freezing generally appears in the feet. 

 Muller and Frick found freezing to be rather common in hunting dogs, 

 but, except when it is more or less extensive, is not observed by the 

 attendants of the animal. Schneidermuhl observed a bitch that had a 

 frozen udder. Schindelka saw one case where a clog had his ear frozen. 

 As in burning, we divide freezing into three degrees depending on the 

 severity of the symptoms. In freezing of the first degree we find 

 in the frozen portion slight dark red or blue colored swellings. In 

 freezing of the second degree, there appear a number of bladders or 



