ECTROPION— TURNING OUT OF THE EYELID 399 



sarcoptic or dermodectic mange (B. acarica). General inflammation 

 of all the structures of the lid is caused by direct traumatisms, bites, 

 tears from sharp objects, and is invariably accompanied with pro- 

 nounced tumefaction and subsequent suppuration; sometimes it may 

 even terminate in an abscess. Inflammation of the edge of the lid is 

 generally confined to the affected edge and is covered by a tenacious 

 purulent mucus that sticks the edges of the lid together; this secretion 

 varies in color, at first graj'ish-yellow, then light brown and finally dark 

 reddish-brown. 



The treatment consists first, in frequent fomentations of boracic 

 acid solution, or strong infusions of ordinary tea, with a pinch of borax 

 in it, and the edges of the lid should be covered with ointment of red 

 oxide of mercury. General inflammation of the lid (B. profunda) 

 should be treated with warm fomentations and if an abscess forms it 

 should be opened as soon as it points. B. acarica is taken up under 

 parasitic skin diseases. 



Hordeolum. Sty. — Sty is due to an inflammation of one of the 

 glands of the hair follicles of the eyelash or of a Meibomian gland. It 

 is indicated Ijy a small bright red globular tumor on the edges of the lid, 

 with more or less redness and tumefaction of the surrounding tissues. 

 It may be chronic (chalazion), but that is extremely rare. 



The treatment consists in warm application of boracic acid solution 

 applied frequently, and if an abscess has formed it must be carefully 

 opened by means of a fine needle; forcil)ly squeezing the lid to evacuate 

 the contents does more harm than good. In chronic cases remove the 

 tumor. 



Diseases of the Lachrymal Organs and the Membrana Nictitans. — 

 The lachrymal organs are very rarely affected in the dog. Inflammation 

 of the lachrymal duct generally appears as a secondary complication of 

 catarrh of the conjunctiva. It appears as a round circumscribed tumor, 

 which is immovably fixed in the corner of the eye, and on pressure a 

 cjuantity of mucus or muco-purulent fluid exudes from the lachrymal 

 opening. In acute inflammation of the duct, if the end of the duct is 

 closed by inflammatory processes, it is apt to break out through some 

 portion of the duct, which may discharge a muco-purulent fluid for a 

 time or else form a permanent fistula; this condition is extermely rare, 

 and occasionally we may find that an abscess at the root of one of the 

 molars has caused a fistulous opening near the canal; careful probing 

 with a sound will generally enable one to make a correct differential 

 diagnosis. 



Stenosis and obstruction of the lachrymal canal is due to inflamma- 

 tion of the mucous membranes, traumatisms, foreign bodies, tumors. 

 Closure of the opening of the canal is indicated by the constant flow of 



