SURGERY OF TUMORS 493 



the anaesthetic into the apparatus. This is fixed on the head by means 

 of a collar, and a circular continuation of the cone made of soft cloth, 

 which is adjustable, is fitted over the face. A container with a broad 

 base to prevent any chance of it being overturned contains the anaes- 

 thetic. This container has two openings — one to connect the tube and 

 the other to allow the admission of air to mix with the vapor of the 

 anaesthetic. Connecting the container and the mask is a bulb apparatus 

 usually seen on the thermo-cautery. 



The muzzle apparatus is fixed on the animal's head, and by means 

 of the bulb the mixed vapor is blown into the muzzle and directly on the 

 animal's nose, thus preventing the irritation of the direct contact of the 

 ether or chloroform. By means of the stop-cock the supply of vapor 

 can be stopped instantly, or, if need be, the whole apparatus can be 

 slipped over the animal's head or the rubber tube can be pulled from 

 the container and a supply or pure air blown directly on the animal's 

 nostrils. 



In the administration of the anaesthetic we must take care that a 

 certain amount of air is inhaled with the vapor of the anaesthetic. The 

 pulse, respiration, and reaction of the eyelids must be watched at the 

 same time. After a few inhalations we notice a period of excitement 

 which is marked by great restlessness, howling, groaning, and, in rare 

 cases, delirium. This is followed in a short time by a period of depression, 

 and after that the narcotic condition is completely established. The 

 cornea has now become insensible — that is to say, there is no reflex 

 action or closing of the eyelids when touched. The muscles are now 

 entirely relaxed, faeces and urine are discharged involuntarily. This 

 result is not always even or regular, but depends to a large extent on 

 which of the above-mentioned remedies is used. For instance, in using 

 ether the stage of excitement is usually prolonged (twenty to forty 

 minutes) and in the stage of depression reflex excitement does not dis- 

 appear immediately. Chloroform produces much quicker results, and, as 

 a rule, answers fairly well, but it has one disadvantage — the attendant 

 or administrator must be very careful not to push it too far, or it is apt 

 to produce paralysis of the lungs or stop the action of the heart, causing 

 death. We prefer to use a combined narcotic in the form of a subcutane- 

 ous injection. This injection consists of 0.01 to 0.5 of morphia muriate 

 dissolved in water, and in order to prevent the possibility of too large a 

 dose causing paralysis of the heart 0.002 to 0.005 of atropia sulphate 

 should be added one-ciuarter to one-half an hour before the operation. 

 Afterward the writer has found it necessary to carefully administer 

 chloroform until the animal is completely anaesthetized, then follow up the 

 operation with ether alone or alternating with the inhalation of ether and 

 then chloroform. The narcotic stage is mild, the period of excitement 



