494 TUMORS 



short. Some prefer Billroth's mixture (chloroform 3 parts, ether and 

 alcohol 1 part of each) ; there is also Wachsmuth's mixture (chloroform 5 

 parts, oleum terebinthinae recti 1 part). In England the A. C. E. mixture 

 (ethyl alcohol 1 part, chloroform 2 parts, and ether 3 parts) is largely used 

 In America the morphia-ether procedure, that of giving from one-half to 

 one grain of morphia twenty-five minutes before the operation and then 

 giving ether during the operation is largely used. It is safe, its chief 

 objection being that it induces more of less preliminary excitement and 

 salivation. Cocaine for local application as in the eye is harmless as a 

 rule, but subcutaneous injections of a large amount of concentrated 

 sokitions for local anaesthesia should be avoided as they are liable to 

 cause grave symptoms of intoxication or even death. This may also 

 occur in the administration of cocaine in suppositories in tenesmus and 

 prolapsus of the rectum in young dogs, and in very small dogs a dose of 

 cocaine ranging from 0.025 to 0.05 may produce indications of cocaine 

 poisoning; consequently in weak young animals of the smaller breeds it 

 should be used with great care. Milder local anaesthetics, such as acoin, 

 eucaine, stovaine, novocaine, are recommended. As to the so-called lumbar 

 anaesthesia of the spinal cord, it has been recommended for painless 

 operations of the abdomen. The operation consists in putting the hyper- 

 dermic needle in the lumbo-sacral fossa, which is between the median 

 iliac angles. Pfeiffer uses a 2 to 3 per cent, solution of stovaine; the 

 weight of the dog determines the dose (0.007 to each kilo.). 



The use of various animal sera, such as the anti-streptococcic and 

 polyvalent sera, have been offered as a possible means of preventing 

 wxnmd infection. These sera undoubtedly are valualjle and will ulti- 

 mately, when better understood, be of great benefit therapeutically. At 

 present, however, they are still in a state of evolution. 



