32 Diseases of the Genital Organs 



bicornual, or transverse pregnancy so easy that it occurs 

 not infrequently, resulting in a variety of transverse presen- 

 tations and causing some of the most serious dystocias 

 known to the veterinary practitioner. 



In ruminants the uterine body is less pronounced in size, 

 when viewed exteriorly, and even less upon section, while 

 the cornua are much longer, quite tapering, and compara- 

 tively more ample than in the mare. The two cornua sep- 

 arate at a very acute angle, for a time extend forward al- 

 most parallel to each other, and then, becoming somewhat 

 more divergent, curve downward, outward, backward, and 

 finally upward, to end alongside the cervix within the pelvis. 

 The uterine body and cornua are much denser, narrower, 

 and more cylindrical than in the mare. The cornua taper 

 gradually from their bases at the uterine body to their 

 apices, where they pass almost insensibly into the oviducts. 



The broad ligaments of the uterus of the mare arise 

 from the abdominal walls in the sublumbar region, begin- 

 ning not far posterior to the kidneys and extending from 

 this point obliquely downward, backward, and medianward 

 into the pelvic cavity, where the two layers of peritoneum 

 become reflected from the vagina upon the bladder, rectum, 

 and pelvic walls. Compared with the broad ligaments of 

 other domestic animals, they are limited in extent, especial- 

 ly transversely, causing a comparatively rigid fixation of 

 the uterus, and, since their anterior attachment is approxi- 

 mately in a direct line with the long axis of the cornua, the 

 entire organ is held well forward in the abdominal cavity. 



The broad ligaments of ruminants, as compared with 

 those of the mare, are much more ample transversely, while 

 antero-posteriorly they are much less extensive. Their an- 

 terior point of attachment to the abdominal parietes is 

 much farther posterior than in the mare. This variation 

 in disposition and relations of the broad ligament produces 

 two well-marked clinical differences. In the non-gravid 

 uterus of the cow, the anterior parietal attachment of its 

 broad ligament is already posterior to the anterior curva- 

 ture of the uterine cornua, which in the gravid uterus be- 



