ICELAND AND LAPLAND DOGS. 131 



entirely at liberty to do what they like, being only restrained by 

 the voice of their master, and urged forward by his whip. A 

 single dog of tried intelligence and fidelity is placed as leader, and 

 upon him the driver depends for his orders being obeyed. In the 

 summer they are most of them turned oif to get their own 

 subsistence by hunting, some few being retained to carry weights 

 on their backs ; sledges are then rendered useless by the absence of 

 snow ; and, as there is a good subsistence for them from the offal 

 of the seal and the walrus which are taken by the men, the 

 dogs become fat at this season of the year. The Siberian and 

 Greenland dogs are nearly similar to those of Kamtschatka, but 

 somewhat larger, and also more manageable, all being used in the 

 same way. The Esquimaux dog is about 22 or 23 inches high, 

 with a pointed fox-lilve muzzle, wide head, pricked ears, and wolf- 

 like aspect ; the body is low and strong, and clothed with long 

 hair, having an undercoat of thick wool ; tail long, gently curved, 

 and hairy ; feet and legs strong and well formed ; the colour is 

 almost always a dark dun with slight disposition to brindle, and 

 black muzzle. 



ICELAND AND LAPLAND DOGS. 



These are nearly similar to the Esquimaux, but rather larger, 

 more wolf-like, and far less manageable. 



k2 



