Calculi] 3 5 [Calculi 



and besides, the hard piece of gravel or small 

 stone will be felt. In some cases when the 

 stone is not quite round the instrument will 

 pass to the side of it, and then one can 

 easily feel the grating of the stone against the 

 instrument as it passes, more especially as it is 

 withdrawn. 



Treatment : Medicines are of little use, though 

 a sedative like hyoscyamus will sometimes relieve 

 the spasm of the parts, and enable the patient to 

 pass a little water when the passage is not com- 

 pletely blocked ; when it is, the stone may 

 sometimes be pushed back to where the passage 

 is larger, and thus enable the dog to relieve 

 himself; but in all these cases arrangements 

 should be immediately made for an operation, 

 which is the only cure. 



In bitches the symptoms of a calculus in the 

 bladder are somewhat similar to those shown by 

 the male : she is constantly straining to micturate, 

 even after the bladder is emptied of water ; the 

 urine is high-coloured and smells strong, and 

 often a few drops of blood are passed at the 

 end of micturition, or the water may be blood- 

 stained. 



Treatment: Operation. Dogs once suffering 

 from calculi are always liable to a recurrence. 

 This may sometimes be prevented by giving 

 occasionally a course of the following : — 



