Fractures] 1 2 r [Fractures 



charcoal, say sufficient to cover a sixpence 1 to 

 a teaspoonful, may also be mixed with the food 

 twice a day. 



Fractures : Fractures of the different bones 

 of the limbs, also of the body and head, are very 

 common in the dog, especially of the first 

 mentioned parts. 



Symptoms: The symptoms of a fractured 

 part are deformity, pain and swelling at the 

 seat of fracture, with crepitus or grating together 

 of the broken ends of the bone when the parts 

 are moved. There are three kinds of fractures. 

 Simple, when one or more bones are broken in 

 two pieces, as in fracture of the two bones — 

 radius and ulna — of the fore leg or arm, and an 

 absence of serious injury to the skin. Compound, 

 when besides fracture of the bones, the skin and 

 other tissues are torn, exposing the bones ; and 

 comminutive, when a bone is crushed into several 

 pieces. It is, of course, possible to have a 

 compound comminutive fracture. There is a 

 false form of fracture that occasionally occurs 

 in puppies, especially of the larger breeds, more 

 particularly when affected with rickets ; that is, 

 the separation of the epiphyses from the shaft 

 of the bone. The epiphyses are the ends of 

 the long bones, and in young animals they are 

 joined to the main shaft by cartilage, later this 

 becomes ossified or converted into bone. 



Fracture of the Metacarpel and Metatarsal 

 Bones : They are the bones running from the 

 knee and hock to the toes respectively ; one 

 1 According to the size of the dog. See p. 86. 



