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or no constitutional disturbance. The animal seems to have no pain, 

 but gradually loses flesh. I have seen cases where the whole side 

 of the upper jaw, including the eye-socket and upper molar teeth, 

 was so affected, that I have removed the latter with my fingers, and 

 scraped off the diseased growth ; yet, although the bleeding was 

 excessive, the animal seemed to feel no pain. I have also seen the 

 under jaw in a similar condition to that of the upper. The first 

 appearance of the disease is a large swelling, which finally breaks out 

 with a dirty brown discharge, and a rapid growth of spongy looking 

 flesh. As little or no good can be done, the animal had better be 

 destroyed. 



80. Scrofulous or Tubercular disease of the bone. A number 

 of cases, in cows, have come under my notice where the tubercular 

 deposit has been found in various parts of the spine, causing a 

 peculiar staggering gait, and the animal finally loses the power of the 

 hind legs even when the tubercle has been found in the neck bones. 

 It seems to follow certain strains of blood ; the animal suffering will 

 continue to live on, feed, and chew the cud, but finally it gets so bad 

 that it cannot get up, and has to be rolled from side to side every 

 five or six hours. The stifle, knee, and other joints suffer very much 

 from this disease ; treatment as a rule being of little use. 



81. Enchondroma is a cartilaginous growth or tumour upon a 

 bone, such as the sternum and ribs, seldom causing, however, any 

 constitutional disturbance ; when practicable, this has to be removed 

 by a surgical operation. 



82. Factures. — What is a fracture ? Some define it as a solution of 

 continuity — which, I thmk is not a good description. My definition 

 of a fracture is — " A forcible separation of the cohesive particles of a 

 hard substance into two or more parts." Now, the bones of an 

 animal are as liable to fracture as those of the human subject. 

 Formerly it was thought that the bones of a horse would not mend ; 

 yet this is not so, for they will unite more quickly than those of the 

 human frame, but we cannot place ihe patient in the same state of 



