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for soundness. It may be caused by the horse tumbhng down, or by 

 going through a door-way, but it does not hinder the horse from doing 

 its work. The piece broken off may drop into the flesh below, but very 

 rarely it brings on bad effects, sometimes, however, it forms an abscess ; 

 then we have to cut down upon it and remove the piece or pieces of 

 detached bone. This lesion is of more frequent occurrence in cattle 

 than in horses. 



g6. The Ilium. — When the shaft of this bone is broken, the horse 

 lias a peculiar way of walking ; on putting one hand on the point of the 

 haunch and the other on the rump bone, and getting some one to stir 

 the leg, you will both hear and feel the ends of the bones crunching 

 underneath. Long rest and support with pitch charges are required. 



97. The Pelvic Bones. — I have seen the floor (Symphysis Pubis) 

 of the pelvic cavity fractured by a fall down a stone quarry, and when 

 the animal (a cow) attempted to stand, the legs spread apart. It was 

 put in slings, had its hocks buckled together, and made a good recovery 

 in about seven or eight weeks. Horses should also be put into slings, 

 and have the legs tied together at the hocks. When such an accident 

 happens to a fat cow or ox it should be sent to the butcher. 



98. The Ischium, or rump bone, is now and again fractured in the 

 horse. This may be caused by the animal falling over backwards, 

 and occurs more particularly in a young horse, when first tied up, 

 breaking its halter and rearing, or from a slip when backing. It is 

 not of much consequence, only, the side injured is more flattened 

 than the undamaged one. This should be carefully noticed in 

 examination for soundness. It is best seen by viewing the animal 

 sideways. 



99. The Femur is at times fractured at the top or neck, and also in 

 the shaft. It may be due to a fall, or it may occur when a horse has 

 been cast and tied for some operation, as in castrating. On account 

 of the quantity of flesh surrounding the bone, little or nothing can be 

 done ; the animal has to be destroyed. I remember one case — a 

 valuable carriage horse — where the inner condyle of the lower 



