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derangement of the digestive organs. Treatment : For lambs, two 

 scruples each of carbonate of magnesia, carbonate of soda, powdered 

 rhubarb and powdered ginger, should be given in a little cold water, 

 night and morning; and for calves, double the above dose may be 

 given, also the mouth should be washed with the boracic lotion, two or 

 three times a day (see Appendix). Further, place blocks of rock salt on 

 the pastures, for the animals to lick, or in the manger for the calves. 



239. The Pharynx, or throat, (Plate XVII., No. 4) Uke the mouth 

 and tongue, is subject to injuries of many kinds. For example, 

 the horse may choke by some food sticking just at the top of the 

 gullet ; or pharyngitis may occur. This is sometimes the effect of some 

 foreign body irritating the pharynx ; at others it is the accompaniment 

 of a severe cold. When the throat becomes much congested and 

 inflamed, the animal is unable to swallow, and, on attempting to 

 drink water, a portion is returned through the nostrils. If the 

 inflammation is at all persistent, the chances are that the horse will 

 ultimately become a " roarer." In very severe cases, where the 

 effusion, or cedema, has so swelled the inside of the throat that there 

 is a danger of asphyxia, tracheotopiy has to be performed. This is done 

 by cutting out a portion of two rings of the windpipe, in front, and 

 inserting a tube, suitable to the size of the animal. Treatment : In 

 cases of a mild character, stimulating embrocations, or mild blisters — 

 [see Appendix) — may be applied round the throat, from the root of one 

 ear to the root of the other, and three-drachm doses of chlorate of 

 potash, with two table-spoonfuls of treacle, should be given in a 

 sloppy mash of bran, night and morning. Some years ago, I 

 had a very severe case, which had been under the care of an 

 unqualified man, who treated it for influenza. On examination, I 

 found a large thorn, composed of three branches, the middle one about 

 ten inches long, and the two shorter ones each about seven inches in 

 length, sticking in the throat. This I pulled out, after it had been there 

 three weeks; but the animal eventually turned a "roarer," when I 

 performed tracheotomy. The horse is still alive, is wearing the tube, 

 has done well ever since, and worked daily for the last twelve years. 



