254- Any one, or a combination of the above-named worms may 

 be present in large quantities in tiie alimentary canal without causing 

 any disturbance or derangement to the system, and without any 

 external sign to denote their presence ; but when really very numerous 

 they cause great emaciation, particularly during the Winter and early 

 Spring months, when the following symptoms may be noticed : Staring 

 coat; irregular appetite ; dulness ; languor; legs trailed on moving ; 

 belly tucked up, with occasional diarrhoea, and a great loss of flesh. If, 

 on examination, nothing can be found to account for the poor anaemic 

 condition of the horse, it may be concluded that worms are the 

 cause — more particularly if the animal has been out grazing on an 

 unsound pasture, or if the Autumn months have been wet. Tape 

 Worms are rarelj^ found in the horse. Treatment. — Two ounces 

 of turpentine mixed with one pint of linseed oil can be given every 

 seventh or eighth day — until four doses are given — and in the interval, 

 give nightly one tablespoonful each of flowers of sulphur and common 

 salt. When the animal is very much emaciated, one drachm doses 

 of sulphate of iron may be added with great advantage (see Appendix)^ 

 and good nutritious food, such as boiled barley and bran, eggs and 

 milk mixed, also linseed jellies should be given, with milk to drink. 

 The strength must be kept up by nutritious and easy digestible foods. 



255. From personal observation, I am led to hold the opinion that 

 the ova or eggs from which some of these parasites are developed are 

 deposited on the ground, along with the dung, during the Summer 

 months, and that they undergo some transformation outside of the 

 body of the host, in which the}' are fully developed. For after wet 

 seasons, horses out at grass during August and September are generally 

 found affected with worms and parasites, which show their effects in 

 W' inter and earl}' Spring. November is, therefore, the proper time to 

 treat such cases, before they become too well developed. One table- 

 spoonful each of flowers of sulphur and common salt should be given 

 in a mash of oats and bran, once every day for a fortnight, both in the 

 stable and at grass. The land on which the animal feeds should 

 be dressed with a quantity of roughly-crushed rock salt, say eight to 

 ten cwt. per acre. Although salt is the best and safest germicide we 



