I02 



have in nature, not nearly enough of it is applied to the land. Every 

 year, the above quantity, at least, should be put on the grazing land, 

 lea ground, and the meadows. This will not only check parasitic 

 diseases in horses and cattle, but will also prevent many of the insect 

 ravages and diseases of crops ; as for example, anbury, or club root, in 

 turnips. But to do good, a continued aumial application is required. 



256. Colic [Plate XIX., A.) is of two kinds — Spasmodic and Flatulent, 

 or the two may be combined. Spasmodic Colic is caused by spasm 

 or cramp of the muscular coat of the intestines, more particularly the 

 small intestine. It arises from a variety of causes, such as drinking 

 cold water when the animal is heated ; improper food, such as wet 

 grass ; roots ; worms ; sudden chills, &c. When first attacked, the 

 horse wriggles the body from side to side ; sniffs the ground ; paws 

 with its fore feet ; cringes on its hind legs ; bends its knees, and then 

 throws itself down ; rolls about ; balances itself on its back ; perspires 

 freely ; and looks back at its side, and at times sits on its haunches like 

 a dog. This may go on for a few minutes, or half an hour, when the 

 pain leaves the animal for an interval, and it stands or lies perfectly 

 quiet. In a short time, however, the pain returns again. No time 

 must be lost in getting relief, as injury sometimes follows by the horse 

 knocking itself about, or the spasm, if severe, may eventually 

 terminate in a loop or knot in the bowel, or it may be telescoped, 

 from the excessive contraction of the longitudinal and circular 

 muscular fibres of the intestine. Treatment : From two to four 

 ounces of laudanum, along with two ounces of turpentine, in a pint of 

 linseed oil, may be given at once, and if no abatement is noticeable, 

 repeat half the quantity of laudanum and oil in half an hour. Apply 

 hot-water blankets to the belly, and give warm water injections. 

 Bleeding", to the extent of six to eight quarts, has, in some cases, a 

 very beneficial effect, but do not be too long in getting professional 

 assistance, for hypodermic injections of morphia and atropine are here 

 again of the greatest service (see Appendix). 



257. Flatulent Colic is caused by the intestines becoming blown 

 up by gas, generated from the fermentation of food, and occurs 



