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442. Thrombi, or plugging of the bloodvessels, are occasionally 

 met with in the horse. They generally make their appearance when 

 an animal has had a very quick journey, and is pulled up for a time. 

 On re-starting, it is found to be intensely lame on one of its legs, 

 usually a hind one — in fact, it can scarcely move. The limb has all the 

 appearance of being paralysed, only the animal can move and stand on 

 it, but it does so with great difficulty and pain, and perspires freely. 

 As the case proceeds, the veins are seen to be varicosed, the leg begins 

 to swell, and is very painful to the touch. There is a great deal of 

 constitutional disturbance present, the animal taking little or no food. 

 These cases take a long and tedious time to recover. The acute 

 febrile symptoms must be combated with mild laxatives and sedative 

 medicine. There is also a chronic form of this disturbance, which is 

 accompanied by swelled legs, varicose veins, and a peculiar clumpy 

 action of the leg. Diuretics, with iron tonics and long rest, answer 

 best in these cases {sec Appendix). 



443. Phlebitis, or inflammation of a vein — more particularly the 

 jugular vein — is not so often seen nowadays, being generally caused 

 by too frequent or unskilful bleedings, especially in the case of over-fed 

 animals of a febrile tendency. If in the jugular, the vein is noticed to 

 be very much swollen from the opening, up to the animal's head, with 

 a mattery discharge from the wound. When first observed, a smart 

 blister applied over the enlargement generally has the desired effect. 

 Some cases, however, are to be met with, when it is necessary to pass 

 a seton along the engorged portion of the vessel, and to tie up the 

 animal short to the rack. Nearly all the cases terminate with 

 obliteration of the vein, and this requires careful attention in 

 examination for soundness. 



444. Azoturia, or Nitrogenous Urine, is due to an overloaded 

 state of the system, and occurs usually amongst horses which are too 

 well stall-fed, and have too little work or exercise ; it is more 

 particularly met with after a spell of frost, during which time the 

 animals have had a term of enforced idleness, without the necessary care 

 and attention having been paid to their dieting. Mares are even more 



