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horses are subject to small warts covering the tip of the nose, which 

 often become very troublesome, but dressing with acetic acid, twice a 

 week, will be found to answer well in most of these cases. 



487. Broken Nose. — The bones of the nose may be broken or 

 delved in, from some injury, such as a kick from another horse or by 

 the horse itself running away and coming in contact with a stone wall 

 or other obstruction. The loose pieces of bone must be removed, the 

 bleeding stopped by the application of cold water and styptics, and 

 the parts dressed as a contused wound, 



488. Haemorrhage, or bleeding from the nose, both in the horse 

 and cow, may arise from other causes than injuries, or from growths 

 in the nasal passages. The bleeding may be either from the lining 

 membrane of the nose or from the lungs, and I have, on several 

 occasions, seen profuse haemorrhage from the nose of the cow follow 

 difficult parturition. Treatment : Perfect quietness is necessary, 

 with a plentiful application of cold water to the forehead and face, and 

 the nostrils should be plugged with sponge, cotton wool, &c., &c. 

 Give, also, half-ounce doses of tincture of iron, every four or six 

 hours, in three gills of cold water, followed with eggs beaten up in 

 milk, and water to drink. 



489. The nasal chambers and frontal sinuses of the sheep are at 

 times infested by the larvae of the gad-fly (oestrus ovis), which 

 resemble the " warbles " found in the cow's back or the " bots " in the 

 horse's stomach. At one time, it was thought that the larvae were 

 developed from eggs deposited within the nostrils, but it is now stated 

 that the perfect fly deposits the young live larva within the rim of the 

 nostril, whence, by means of small hooks, it crawls up inside the nose, 

 where it develops. After remaining there for about ten months to 

 mature, it then drops out of the nose on to the ground, and buries 

 itself in the earth for a few weeks, when it emerges in the form of 

 the perfect insect to re-commence its life cycle ; the usual time for 

 the fly to make its appearance being during the summer months. 

 Symptoms : When the fly attacks the sheep to deposit its larva-, the 



