213 



As a rule, the horse will not lie down in chest affections ; in acute 

 attacks of bronchitis, it w\\\, in many cases, at an early stage, be 

 found leaning against the stall for support. Again, on account of the 

 circulation of impure blood, oxydation of the tissues cannot go on, and 

 coldness of the extremities and the surface of the body is the result. 

 In health, there is a certain amount of moisture always present in the 

 mucous lining, but, in the early stages of this complaint, on applying 

 the ear to the windpipe, at the lower part of the neck, a dry crisp sound 

 is heard in the bronchial tubes. However, as the case advances, this 

 gives way to a loose slobbery noise, while the cough, which is at first 

 dry, hard, and sore, becomes, similarly changed to a soft and loosened 

 one. Great care must betaken at this later stage, as the inflammatory 

 mucous material, on being thrown off, makes its way up the wind- 

 pipe to be coughed up and discharged by the nose. The causes of 

 bronchitis are similar to those of ordinary colds, and are various, such 

 as chills, removing from cold to hot stables, or any sudden changes of 

 temperature, east winds, smoke, chemical fumes, parasites or foreign 

 bodies in the bronchial tubes, &c. In the cow, during the early spring 

 months, when east winds are prevalent, it is a very common accom- 

 paniment to retention of the second cleansmg, when the flow of the 

 debris from the womb has been checked. It ma}' also be caused by 

 moving the animal too early after calving. 



507. Generally speaking, all derangements and diseases, more 

 especially of the respiratory organs, are ushered in by a shivering fit. 

 If this be noticed, the animal should be well clothed up, and a good 

 stimulant, such as half-a-pint of whisky in as much water, or from one to 

 two ounces each of aromatic spirit of ammonia and spirits of nitre, or 

 two ounces acetate of ammonia, and one ounce of spirit of nitre, may be 

 administered in one pint of cold water. As a rule, however, the first 

 thing that is noticed is that the animal is very dull and languid, with 

 the hair standing on end. The inside of the eyelids is red, the mouth 

 is hot, the head droops, the breathing is more or less accelerated, and 

 there is a soft, weak pulse, and an elevation of temperature from 

 about 103° to 106°. Treatment; The animal should be put into a 

 good, dry, well-ventilated loose box, free from draughts, woollen 



