2l6 



to the right side of the heart, and gives the functional vessels a httle 

 liberty to relieve themselves. If this be followed up by the 

 administration of stimulants, — and nothing is better than the 

 carbonate of ammonia bail named in par. 509, given every four or 

 six hours, — the result will generally be favourable. The after- 

 treatment should be much the same as that recommended under 

 " Bronchitis," pay. 507. x\ny of the foregoing complaints may end 

 in pneumonia or inflammation of the lungs. 



511. Pneumonia. — In this, the substance of the lung undergoes 

 inflammatory action and structural change; the air-cells become 

 blocked up, and consolidation of the lungs takes place, in which either 

 a portion of a lung, or one lung, or both, may be involved. Pneumonia, 

 arising as it does from a variety of causes, and passing through many 

 stages, requires careful treatment, and should be placed in the hands of 

 a skilled practitioner without delay. When it is certain that the disease 

 really is true pneumonia, then more heroic treatment may be adopted 

 than that used for bronchitis. Treatment : At the early part of the 

 attack, when the animal's breathing is hurried, the nostrils dilated, 

 the under side of the eyelids red, and the pulse full and oppressed, 

 with a temperature ranging from 105" to 106° ; the extraction of five or 

 six quarts of blood has a wonderfully good effect — at least, such is the 

 case in country practice — and gives prompt relief. This ma}' be 

 ace mpanied by a dose of from 10 to 20 ounces of linseed oil, mixed 

 with I 'ue to two ounces of spirits of nitre, and 10 to 15 drops of tincture 

 of aconite (Fleming's). Blankets wrung out of hot water, as described 

 under bronchitis, may be applied to the chest, and nitrate of potash 

 offered in the drinking water, with soft food, as also recommended for 

 bronchitis. Good nursing all through is highly essential. Associated 

 with this disease, we may have pleuro-pneumonia, as in cattle, in 

 which both the lungs and their covering (the pleurae) are involved, 

 and the treatment is the same as in pneumonia. 



512. Pleurisy consists in inflammation of the pleurae ; that is, the 

 serous membrane which lines the chest and covers the lungs (par. 481 ). 

 This is a very painful complaint ; the animal stands still, appears to 



