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towards the tip, but it is not until the spring months — as already 

 stated — that the effects are seen, in the shape of the tumours or 

 warbles. Light-coloured animals seem to be the animals that are 

 more particularly attacked. 



677. On examination of the skin covering the warble, a dark 

 opening can be seen, surrounded by a small quantity of frothy matter. 

 By pressure with the thumbs on each side, the larva can be squeezed 

 out. If not interfered with, in due time the slug comes out of its 

 winter shelter of its own accord. This is accomplished by a wriggling 

 motion, for which its peculiar spiral shape— as depicted in the 

 illustration — is specially adapted. It then falls to the ground, and is 

 converted into a chrysalis, and hnally into the perfect msect, ready to 

 recommence the cycle of life in the summer months. As these cause 

 a great loss to the farmer, as many as possible should be squeezed out 

 and destroyed. Washing the back of the cow with a strong solution 

 of salt and water, before turning it out, acts as a good preventive. 

 Smearing the back with turpentine and tar, or carbolic dressings, has 

 a similar effect ; as has also the old-fashioned black oil, which is 

 prepared by mixing sulphuric acid, turpentine, and linseed oil in 

 certain proportions (see Appendix) . The horse, as noted, is rarely 

 affected, but when it is, the larvae cause larger and more diffuse 

 swellings than in the cow. They must at once be pressed out, and 

 the parts dressed with Little's phenyle (i to 30 solution). For further 

 information on this subject, the interesting notes and writings of the 

 late Miss Ormerod will be found in the Royal Agricultural Society's 

 Reports of 1887-88-89, and in her yearly special reports (1894 

 in particular) all of them being well worth reading. 



678. Ringworm is said to be due to a small vegetable parasite or 

 fungus infesting the skin of domesticated animals, said to be com- 

 municable by them to man and vice-versa. It is most commonly seen 

 in winter amongst young cattle folded in courts or boxes. It attacks 

 the face, head, and neck, and gives rise to round patches, devoid 

 of hair, and covered with a greyish yellow scurf. On many 

 occasions, the attendants become badly affected, having acquired it 

 from the infected animals. Treatment — Dressing with a mixture 



