;i5 



772. Plate XLIV., fig. 10, is a case where the points of the hocks 

 are presented at the brim of the pelvis. Dehvery may be accomplished 

 (as is shown in Plate XLIV., fig. 11, and Plate XL V., fig. 12) by 

 repelling the foetus into the womb, and pressing its quarters against 

 the spine of the mother, steadying it there by the repeller or crutch 

 {Plate XLIX.,fig. 10), while the disengaged hand works the foot by 

 pressing the toes into the hollow of the heel, bringing it round over 

 the brim of the pelvis of the mother and into the passage. Both limbs 

 having been manipulated in this fashion, delivery ensues. 



773. Plate XLV., fig. 13, shows the tail and breech presented 

 and pressed tight on to the brim of the pelvis. In the cow, dehvery 

 may be managed as described in Plate XLIV., fig. 10, but in the mare, 

 if the points of the hocks of the foal cannot be reached— which is 

 generally the case— the only operation, with safety to the mother, is 

 to remove a hind-leg of the foetus by cutting from the stifle, through the 

 hip joint, to the rump bone (isclihim), liberating the head of the femur — 

 not an easy task— and to this attaching a cord, which is pulled outwards 

 by an assistant, while the operator with a knife cuts through the muscles 

 on the inside of the thigh. The leg is thus extracted thigh foremost. 

 After this the abdomen of the foetus must be opened, and the contents 

 of the belly and chest puhed away. Then break through the large 

 openings on the floor of the right and left sides of pelvic bones 

 (obtnyatoy foramina) ; through these openings pass a stout rope in the 

 form of a loop, and while the operator presses the remaining hind limb 

 against the wahs of the empty abdominal cavity of the foal, this cord 

 must be steadily and forcibly pulled, and delivery will take place. 

 Sometimes, however, both hind-legs have to be removed. 



774. Plate XLV., fig. 14, and Plate XLVL, fig. 15, show all 

 four feet presented in the passage, the latter also showing head turned 

 back on the side or quarter. These cases are of frequent occurence in 

 the mare, and each can be made either a very easy operation or a most 

 difficult one. It is the latter, if some one has pulled the fore-feet outside 

 the passage as far as the knees, while the head is beyond reach and 

 pressed back into the uterus (as in Plate XLIIL, fi.g. 7). This 



